# A Critique of Interventionism  ## Metadata - Author: [[Ludwig von Mises, Margit von Mises, and Hans F. Sennholz]] - Full Title: A Critique of Interventionism - Category: #books ## Highlights - interdependence of market phenomena ([Location 72](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=72)) - Note: Why I argue that Mises is a Systems Thinker. - most social scientists today are as ignorant of this interdependence of economic phenomena as they were during the 1920s. ([Location 74](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=74)) - the statists prefer their ethical judgments over economic principles, and political power over voluntary cooperation. ([Location 77](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=77)) - There is no logical third system of a private property order subject to government regulation. ([Location 81](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=81)) - government regulation cannot achieve the objectives it is supposed to achieve. ([Location 84](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=84)) - it is harmful because it hampers man’s productive efforts ([Location 84](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=84)) - lowers labor productivity and redirects production along lines of political command, rather than consumer satisfaction. ([Location 85](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=85)) - Samuelson echoes Engels: “Marx was a genius ([Location 104](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=104)) - the future of the American private property system is overshadowed by the dark clouds of Marxian doctrine and policy. ([Location 106](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=106)) - interventionism, the system itself the hampered market order. ([Location 117](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=117)) - differences exist only in the methods of interventionism, ([Location 120](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=120)) - whole world has had only one real system of economic policy: interventionism. ([Location 129](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=129)) - Interventionism seeks to retain private property in the means of production, but authoritative commands, especially prohibitions, are to restrict the actions of private owners. ([Location 135](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=135)) - we have socialism even if we retain the private property label. ([Location 138](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=138)) - private property order in a formal sense, but socialism in substance.” ([Location 139](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=139)) - it considers unlimited private property harmful to society, and ([Location 142](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=142)) - on the other hand, it deems the public property order unrealizable completely, at least for the present. ([Location 142](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=142)) - What are the consequences of government and other interventions in the private property order? ([Location 158](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=158)) - Regulations for the preservation of competition do not at all belong to those measures preserving the private property order. ([Location 174](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=174)) - the central notion of classical liberalism is private property, and not a certain misunderstood concept of free competition. ([Location 176](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=176)) - Partial socialization of the means of production is no intervention in our sense. ([Location 193](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=193)) - Government measures that use market means, that is, seek to influence demand and supply through changes of market factors, are not included in this concept of intervention. ([Location 196](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=196)) - Intervention is a limited order by a social authority forcing the owners of the means of production and entrepreneurs to employ their means in a different manner than they otherwise would. ([Location 201](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=201)) - whether the intervening authority would embark upon the intervention if it were fully aware of the costs. ([Location 214](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=214)) - The purpose of the theorists of free trade was not to demonstrate that tariffs are impractical or harmful, but that they have unforeseen consequences and do not, nor can they, achieve what their advocates expect of them. ([Location 217](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=217)) - all production restrictions are supported wholly or ([Location 227](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=227)) - partially by arguments that are to prove that they raise productivity, not lower it. ([Location 228](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=228)) - some may believe that the advantages of autarky outweigh its disadvantages. ([Location 235](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=235)) - All production restrictions directly hamper some production inasmuch as they prevent certain employment opportunities that are open to the goods of higher order ([Location 239](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=239)) - Government cannot make man richer, but it can make him poorer. ([Location 242](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=242)) - intervention is not only useless, but wholly unsuitable because it aggravates the “evil” it meant to alleviate. ([Location 275](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=275)) - limited intervention is illogical and unsuitable, ([Location 279](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=279)) - There is no other choice: government either abstains from limited interference with the market forces, or it assumes total control over production and distribution. ([Location 284](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=284)) - Either capitalism or socialism; there is no middle of the road. ([Location 285](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=285)) - Tags: [[blue]] - Unemployment, a friction phenomenon that soon disappears in an unhampered market order, becomes a permanent institution in interventionism. ([Location 293](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=293)) - the consumption of capital in the end reduces wage rates. ([Location 301](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=301)) - reduction in standards of living. And this reduction must be all the greater, the more capital has been consumed through “social” intervention. ([Location 322](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=322)) - Since the demise of classical liberalism, interventionism has been the gist of politics in all countries in Europe and America. ([Location 337](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=337)) - failure of interventionism reinforces the layman’s conviction that private property must be controlled severely. ([Location 340](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=340)) - If all interventionist laws were really to be observed they would soon lead to absurdity. ([Location 344](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=344)) - the milk dealer who violates the law is serving the public interest; the government official who seeks to enforce the ceiling price is jeopardizing it. ([Location 355](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=355)) - Public opinion expects salvation from strict compliance with government regulations ([Location 361](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=361)) - suspicion of serving “capital.” ([Location 366](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=366)) - The corruptibility of the politicians, representatives, and officials is the very foundation that carries the system. ([Location 368](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=368)) - the system of interventionism has become bearable through the laxity of enforcement. ([Location 379](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=379)) - Interventionism is seen as a tribute that must be paid to democracy in order to preserve the capitalistic system. ([Location 382](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=382)) - if it is found that private property is useful to all, and that human society with its division of labor could not be organized in any other way, then it must be safeguarded so that it can serve its function in the best possible way. ([Location 390](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=390)) - We constantly observe that entrepreneurs are succeeding in supplying the markets with more and better products and services despite all difficulties put in their way by law and administration. ([Location 396](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=396)) - Etatists and socialists are calling the great crisis from which the world economy has been suffering since the end of the World War the crisis of capitalism. In reality, it is the crisis of interventionism. ([Location 404](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=404)) - Only reduction in consumption and hard labor can replace the capital that was lost, and only the formation of new capital can raise the marginal productivity of labor and thus wage rates. ([Location 418](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=418)) - Trade restrictions and other mercantilistic measures have caused malinvestments of even greater amounts that yield little or nothing. ([Location 424](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=424)) - No other economic ideology can be reconciled with the science of catallactics. ([Location 441](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=441)) - they could not even prove that a social order could actually be built on public property in the means of production. ([Location 445](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=445)) - prices are not set arbitrarily, but are determined within narrow limits by the market situation, ([Location 449](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=449)) - The tools of science do not enable us to sit in judgment of the “justice” of a social institution or order. Surely, we may decry this or that as “unjust” or “improper”; but if we cannot substitute anything better for what we condemn, it behooves us to save our words. ([Location 459](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=459)) - Economics is formally abolished, prohibited, and replaced by state and police science, ([Location 468](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=468)) - a number of authors such as Liefmann, Oppenheimer, Gottl, et cetera, who ardently denounce the system of modern subjective economics, ([Location 480](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=480)) - there is a science of theoretical economics ([Location 488](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=488)) - We make no value judgments when, for instance, we investigate the consequences of price controls and conclude that a price ceiling set below that of the unhampered market reduces the quantity offered, other conditions being equal. ([Location 511](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=511)) - since the decline of liberalism, the world is ruled again by interventionism. ([Location 529](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=529)) - The fact that measures have been taken, and ([Location 532](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=532)) - continue to be taken, does not prove that they are suitable. It only proves that their sponsors did not recognize their unsuitability. ([Location 532](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=532)) - Without the necessary theoretical knowledge they engage in tasks for which they are completely unprepared. ([Location 536](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=536)) - The most important qualification of a researcher into “facts” is complete mastery of economic theory. ([Location 542](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=542)) - Note: This expresses the purpose of the Free Market Center. - A theory explains everything. Theories do not fail in individual problems; they fail because of their own shortcomings. ([Location 545](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=545)) - try to create a system of theoretical knowledge that pleases you more than ours. Then we can talk again. ([Location 554](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=554)) - A theoretical tenet becomes a theory only through a system and in a system. ([Location 558](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=558)) - The social sciences lack the experiment. They can never observe the consequences of one factor, other conditions being unchanged. ([Location 563](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=563)) - All the arguments the Empirical-Realistic School could advance do not replace the lack of a comprehensive theoretical system. ([Location 571](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=571)) - This distinction roughly coincides with our distinction between production and price intervention. ([Location 589](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=589)) - From a scientific point of view, we merely must observe that there is room for government intervention in the case of monopoly. ([Location 615](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=615)) - It failed to recognize that competition takes place among producers and sellers not only within each individual branch of production, but also between all related goods, and in the final analysis, between all economic goods. ([Location 626](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=626)) - position of classical liberalism: government shall be limited to the protection of private property and the ([Location 674](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=674)) - elimination of all obstacles to free market access for individuals or groups of individuals. ([Location 675](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=675)) - There is no road from economics to interventionism. ([Location 726](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=726)) - Generally the demand then arises for the replacement of unsatisfactory interventions by other, more suitable measures. ([Location 787](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=787)) - attain. It is remarkable, however, that it is obstinately defended in spite of its shortcomings, ([Location 797](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=797)) - the mistaken concept of “free competition.” ([Location 817](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=817)) - If it is to be determined which horse can run a certain distance in the shortest period of time, the conditions should be equal for all horses. However, are we to treat the economy like an efficiency test to determine which applicant under equal conditions can produce at lowest costs? ([Location 823](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=823)) - Competition as a social phenomenon has nothing in common with competition in play. ([Location 826](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=826)) - competition among individuals. ([Location 828](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=828)) - the freedom of competition must not be ([Location 834](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=834)) - limited. ([Location 834](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=834)) - His critique merely demonstrates that interventions cannot achieve the objectives which their authors and promoters want to achieve, ([Location 853](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=853)) - Note: Unintended consequences. - “productive interventionism” ([Location 856](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=856)) - When compared with such vague and incomplete proposals, the advocates of all-round controls have the advantage of seeming logical. ([Location 860](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=860)) - In fact, continuing capital formation leads to a decline in the marginal productivity of capital and an increase in that of labor. The share that goes to capital declines, and that of labor rises. ([Location 909](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=909)) - it is utterly erroneous to maintain that a rise in fixed costs denies our economy the ability to adjust production to demand. ([Location 931](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=931)) - if government interferes with this adjustment process through the imposition of protective tariffs of appropriate size a new possibility arises for producers: they can form a cartel in order to reap monopolistic gains through reductions in output. ([Location 932](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=932)) - International cartels generally can be formed only because important production and consumption areas are sheltered from the world market by tariff barriers. ([Location 938](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=938)) - The “new economic order” is the product of interventionism. ([Location 956](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=956)) - Interventionism as an economic system is unsuitable and illogical. ([Location 961](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=961)) - This is a system of socialism in which private property at best survives in name only. ([Location 963](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=963)) - Academic socialism is no homogeneous ideology. ([Location 1019](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1019)) - Syndicalist School ([Location 1021](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1021)) - Socialism and syndicalism are implacable antagonists, and the two ideologies stand in irreconcilable contrast to liberalism. ([Location 1022](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1022)) - Liberalism is the ideology that views private property in the means of production as the only possible, or at least best conceivable foundation of human society based on division of labor. ([Location 1031](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1031)) - Socialism seeks to transfer the property in the means of production to the hands of organized society, the state. ([Location 1032](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1032)) - Syndicalism wants to transfer control over the means of production to the association of workers in the individual branches of production. ([Location 1033](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1033)) - Etatism, too, is genuine socialism, ([Location 1050](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1050)) - as soon as the physical force of labor, with tacit consent or open promotion by the state, makes it impossible to replace the strikers, the labor unions can do as they like. ([Location 1064](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1064)) - all political systems, no matter how they collaborate with the unions, must finally oppose union coercion. ([Location 1074](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1074)) - No science can avoid abstract concepts, and he who abhors them should stay away from science ([Location 1259](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1259)) - The subjective-value theory did not receive the outside critique that is so indispensable for scientific progress. It owes its progress during the last decades to its own initiative, to critiques from its own ranks. ([Location 1270](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=1270)) - The practical doctrine based on the knowledge of scientific economics and sociology—liberalism—rejects all intervention as superfluous, useless, and harmful. ([Location 2175](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2175)) - government objective of lower prices cannot be achieved by controls. ([Location 2177](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2177)) - government and other interference with prices is as superfluous, useless, and harmful as liberalism says it is. ([Location 2184](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2184)) - In theory etatism is the doctrine of state omnipotence, and in practice, it is the government policy to manage all worldly matters through orders and prohibitions. ([Location 2187](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2187)) - To him, everything is power, which he views in a grossly materialistic light. ([Location 2203](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2203)) - Note: The socialist. - all socialistic groups today seek to influence market prices through outside intervention and force. ([Location 2205](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2205)) - an order that retains private property in the means of production, but is “regulated” through government intervention. ([Location 2212](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2212)) - Sanctioning Controls. We may call those controls “sanctioning” that set prices so close to those the unhampered market would set that only insignificant consequences can ensue. ([Location 2217](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2217)) - Genuine Controls. We may call those price controls “genuine” that set prices differing from those the unhampered market would set. ([Location 2243](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2243)) - Supply and demand no longer coincide; demand exceeds supply, and the market mechanism, which tends to bring supply and demand together through changes in price, no longer functions. ([Location 2257](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2257)) - it must go beyond the order to sell; it must resort to rationing. ([Location 2263](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2263)) - If government wants to secure a supply for consumers it must pronounce an obligation to produce. ([Location 2267](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2267)) - prices. It can thus be readily seen that it is inconceivable to resort to price controls as an isolated intervention in the private property order. ([Location 2269](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2269)) - He who observes a war economy is clearly aware of the phases mentioned above: at first price control, then forced sales, then rationing, then regulation of production and distribution, and, finally, attempts at central planning of all production and distribution. ([Location 2278](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2278)) - The official price is destroying the market on which commodities and services are exchanged for money. ([Location 2292](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2292)) - government as issuer of new money cannot escape the consequences described by the quantity theory. ([Location 2297](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2297)) - When, through strikes or threats of strikes, labor unions enforce a wage rate that is higher than that determined by the unhampered market, they can do so only with the assistance of government. ([Location 2304](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2304)) - sanctioned apparatus with public power. ([Location 2307](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2307)) - Note: Unions. - wage fund theory ([Location 2310](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2310)) - Elimination of capital income through coercive wage boosts thus merely leads to capital consumption, and thereby to continuous reduction in national income. ([Location 2324](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2324)) - the effect of intervention is the very opposite of what it was meant to achieve. ([Location 2339](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2339)) - It is important, however, that government cannot be satisfied with a single intervention, but is driven on to nationalize the means of production. ([Location 2342](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2342)) - Arthur Travers-Borgstroem, a Finnish writer, published a book entitled Mutualism that deals with ideas of social reform, and culminates in a plea for the nationalization of credit. ([Location 2357](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2357)) - In the final analysis, it is the consumers in the market who determine the employment of capital and labor in the various industries. ([Location 2394](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2394)) - socialistic command system ([Location 2401](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2401)) - a socialistic economy can be democratic or dictatorial. ([Location 2403](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2403)) - The democratic command economy with its dependence on popular majority need not consider the special wishes of the minority. ([Location 2407](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2407)) - consumers, the true masters of markets and production. ([Location 2413](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2413)) - Will not the masses succeed in the end in forcing the leaders to pay heed to public wishes and taste and do what the reformers sought to prevent? ([Location 2418](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2418)) - Economic production according to profitability means production according to the wishes of consumers, ([Location 2424](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2424)) - the luxury of yesterday has become today’s necessity. ([Location 2431](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2431)) - A government enterprise can never be “commercialized” no matter how many external features of private enterprise are superimposed on it. ([Location 2452](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2452)) - The entrepreneur operates on his own responsibility. ([Location 2453](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2453)) - A public enterprise, however, is managed by men who do not face the consequences of their success or failure. ([Location 2456](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2456)) - Monetary calculation alone shows the way to highest profitability. ([Location 2462](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2462)) - Success and failure are of lesser importance than formal observance of the regulation. ([Location 2468](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2468)) - It is the nature of every enterprise that is not organized for profit. ([Location 2470](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2470)) - Note: Systemic structure. - positions must be filled with individuals who are willing to obey the regulations. ([Location 2486](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2486)) - forced large enterprises to become more and more bureaucratic. ([Location 2491](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2491)) - The mixing of politics and business not only is detrimental to politics, as is frequently observed, but even much more so to business. ([Location 2494](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2494)) - bureaucratism. ([Location 2495](https://readwise.io/to_kindle?action=open&asin=B0075ES862&location=2495))