# Comparing Intensional & Extensional [[Comparing Intensional & Extensional (Note)]] --- ## Related Topics [[Abstraction and Insanity (Note)]] --- # References Language and Logic:[Comparing Intensional & Extensional](https://clearthinking.substack.com/p/comparing-intensional-and-extensional) # Comparing Intensional & Extensional Orientation Summary::Explain the differences. And why they are important to the way we think and communicate. # Introduction I will frequently refer to general semantics in these newsletters. General semantics provides powerful and unique tools for improving the way we think about the world and, in some ways, tools to maintain our sanity. One set of distinctions that helps us in striving for clear thinking consists of two different orientations. The distinction between these two orientations in our thinking will help us maintain a better grasp of reality. Although fundamental, they can be challenging to master and describe. # Intensional The intentional orientation consists of preoccupation with the words. In this orientation, it person tends to use words to describe words without clarifying the reference to actual experience. Intentional references tend to generalize or aggregate classes of entities. I think you can identify intentional orientation in much of our political dialogue. # Extensional in extensional orientation tends to focus on the uniqueness of our experiences. Extension is more consistent with the natural order of our nervous systems. The person with an extensional orientation tends to relate the words he uses with his own experiences. If he sees an incongruity between his experience in the description of his experience, he will reconcile that difference in favor of the experience itself. # Intensional vs. Extensional The distinction between these orientations can prove extremely important. A person with an intentional orientation might continue to use the old meaning for words even when the “real” meaning is changed. The person with the extensional orientation will continually check to assure that the words he uses describe the reality he experiences. This will not only improve his communications, but at some level, it will protect his sanity. # Extensional Tools General Semantists recommend using three simple tools to maintain an extensional orientation. ## Indexing Use indexing first to identify specific persons, places, and things. Indexing distinguishes between John Smith1 and John Smith2, or Paris France in Paris, Texas. ## Dating Dating simply identifies when an event occurred. If you say you broke your leg on your birthday, it might clarify that it was on your 47th birthday and not your fifth birthday. ## Etc. Using the etc. tool simply reminds you that for everything that you say or write, more information exists. You need to identify whether or not you need to include more information to clarify your point. # Conclusion The distinction between intentional and extensional orientations plays a vital role in the clarity of your thinking and your communication. We must use words to communicate with each other, but when do we need to be more extensional to assure the accuracy of our thinking and communication? Use the tools of indexing, dating, etc., to ensure you’ve included all the information you need to clarify the words you use.