![[OetzitheIceman-glacier-199109a.jpg]] *Ötzi was photographed by his discoverer, Helmut Simon, while still partially frozen in the glacier in 1991.* One interesting example of both hostility and of the possible mixing of cultures and genes is the case of [Ötzi the Ice-Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tzi), a 5,300 year old mummified body discovered in a melting glacier in the Alps between Austria and Italy in 1991. Ötzi was about 45 years old at the time of his death, and had lived on a diet of ibex, chamois, and red deer meat, einkorn wheat, roots, and fruits. Ötzi’s genes show a very high proportion (over 90%) of Anatolian farmer ancestry. Although Early European Farmers descended from the Anatolians had been in the region for centuries by Ötzi’s time, it’s possible there was still some hostility between these people and the earlier European hunter gatherers. Ötzi seems to have been killed by being shot in the back with an arrow that shattered his scapula. His own arrows seem to have the blood of two of his enemies on them. Of course it’s also possible he was killed in a personal dispute that was completely unrelated to his ancestry. ---- Next: [[2.8 - Transhumance]] Back: [[2.6. - Early European Farmers]]