![[John_Speed's_map_of_Oxford,_1605..jpg]] *Early Oxford was a walled city with several colleges outside the city walls* Additionally, partly because secular (worldly) law was not quite as central to Christianity as it was to Islam, separate schools of law began such as the one in Italy founded in 1088 that became the University of Bologna when it added liberal arts instruction to its student-run law program. This was followed by Oxford (1096), which grew rapidly after English students were banned in Paris in 1167; the Sorbonne (1150), which grew out of the Paris Cathedral school; Cambridge (1209); Salamanca (Spain, 1218); Padua (Italy, 1222), which was famous for medicine and science (and later, Galileo); Naples (Italy, 1224), the first publicly funded university; and Toulouse (France, 1229), founded after the Albigensian Crusade to battle heresy. ----- Next: [[12.14 - Albigensian Crusade]] Back: [[12.12 - Education]]