*An aged Opechancanough, being carried to battle.* [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Opechanacanough]] tried one more time to expel the English from his homeland in early 1644 when he led another surprise attack that again killed hundreds of Virginian settlers. But by this time, the population had grown substantially and a few hundred deaths were not enough to endanger the colony. Governor [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/William Berkeley]] captured the chief and had him paraded through Jamestown as a prisoner, although Opechancanough was over eighty years old and ill. The chief was then shot in the back in late 1646 by a man instructed to guard him. The [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Notes to Fill/Powhatan Indians]] then signed a peace treaty that made them tributaries of the English crown, obligated to pay a yearly tribute to his representative, the Virginia governor. A racial frontier was established and Indians were not allowed to travel into white territory without a pass. The treaty also expanded the territory open to English settlement and pushed the Powhatan farther into the interior. And without a strong chief, the confederacy dissolved into individual tribes that could not hope to oppose the English advance.