*Huayna Capac drawn by [Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Guaman_Poma_de_Ayala "Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala"). The title, in Poma de Ayala's original spelling, reads: El onzeno inga Guaina Capac, "The eleventh Inca, Huayna Capac".* (before 1493-1527) Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Inca Empire]], credited with expanding the realm to its greatest extent; from what is now central Chile and Argentina to Ecuador and southern Colombia. Huayna Capac had more than fifty wives and fifty legitimate sons as well as about two hundred illegitimate children. Huayna Capac died of a European disease epidemic (possibly measles or smallpox) that swept through South America beginning around 1527. Millions of people died along with the ruler, including his brother and his eldest son and chosen heir. Two of his younger sons, [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Atahualpa]] and [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Huáscar]], fought a brutal civil war for the throne as [[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Pizarro|Francisco Pizarro]] invaded from the north. Taking advantage of the social chaos caused by the epidemic and civil war, Pizarro succeeded in killing both brothers and taking power in Peru.  *[[Dan's History Web/US 1/Topic Index/Inca Empire|Tawantinsuyu]] at it peak, just before Huayna Capac's death and Pizarro's arrival.*