![[Pasted image 20250201171401.png]] The Indian groups who lived in the present-day [[Ohio River]] Valley and reached their cultural apex from the first century CE to 400 CE are collectively known as the [Hopewell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_tradition) culture. Their settlements, unlike those of the southwest, were small villages. They lived in wattle-and-daub houses (made from woven lattice branches “daubed” with wet mud, clay, or sand and straw) and supported themselves with agriculture, hunting, and fishing. Utilizing the region’s many waterways, they developed trade routes stretching from Canada to [[Louisiana]]. The Hopewell exchanged goods with other tribes and negotiated in many different languages. From the coast they received shells; from Michigan, copper; and from the Rocky Mountains, obsidian. With these materials they created tools, weapons, necklaces, and exquisite carvings. What remains of their culture today are huge burial mounds and earthworks. Many of the mounds that were opened by archaeologists contained artworks and other goods that indicate their society was socially stratified. --- Next: [[1.18 Cahokia]] Back: [[1.16 The Pueblo]]