![[Pasted image 20250201171243.png]] In the southwestern part of today’s United States lived several groups we collectively call the [Pueblo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo). The Spanish first gave them this name, which means “town” or “village,” because they lived in towns or villages of permanent stone-and-mud buildings with thatched roofs. Like present-day apartment houses, these buildings had multiple stories, each with multiple rooms. The three main groups of the Pueblo people were the [[Mogollon]], [[Hohokam]], and [[Anasazi]]. The Mogollon thrived in the Mimbres Valley (New Mexico) from about 150 BCE to 1450 CE. The Hohokam decorated pottery with a red-on-buff design and made jewelry of turquoise. In the high desert of New Mexico, the Anasazi, whose name means “ancient enemy” or “ancient ones,” carved homes from steep cliffs accessed by ladders or ropes that could be pulled in at night or in case of enemy attack. Roads extended 180 miles to connect the Pueblos’ smaller urban centers to each other and to [[Chaco Canyon]], which by 1050 CE had become the administrative, religious, and cultural center of their civilization. A century later, however, probably because of drought, the Pueblo peoples abandoned their cities. Their present-day descendants include the [[Hopi]] and [[Zuni]] tribes. --- Next: [[1.17 Hopewell]] Back: [[1.15 North America]]