02种类类别 - 基础汉英类义词典

☀ **种类、类别、品种的名词：** **kind** [kaɪnd] n. [C, U] 在某些方面相同的一些人或事物，即同类；也可指某种类型，即种类。是一个基础用词：three kinds of cakes 三种蛋糕 / music of various kinds 各种类型的音乐 / Exercises of this kind are very popular. 这种体育活动非常流行。/ She does the same kind of work as me. 她和我干同样的工作。 **type** [taɪp] n. [C] 具有共同特征的一群人或一组事物（且隶属于一个更大的群组），即种类，类型。相对正式：body, personality type 身体类型；性格类型 / blood, skin type 血型；皮肤类型 / product type 产品类型 / rock, soil type 岩石类型；土壤类型 / She mixes with all types of people. 她和各种类型的人打交道。/ I love this type of book. 我喜欢这类书籍。adj. -type构成形容词，指具有（某个群体、人或事物的）品质或特征的：a police-type badge 一枚警徽 / a continental-type cafe 有欧洲大陆特色的小餐馆 **sort** [sɔ:t] n. [C] 在某个方面相似的一群（或一种）人或事物，如种类、类别，相当于kind。但kind还可以是不可数名词：There are all sorts of activities for kids at the campsite.（非正式用法）在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。/ This sort of problem is quite common. 这类问题相当普遍。/ He’s the sort of person who only cares about money. 他这种人一心只想着钱。 **class** [klɑːs] n. [C] 具有相同特征或品质的一群人、动物或事物，即种类，类别：different classes of drugs 不同种类的毒品 / These writers form a distinct class in Russian literature. 这些作家在俄罗斯文坛自成一派。/ a rare class of neurological diseases 一种罕见的神经系统疾病 **classification** [ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. [C] 被分出来的类别、等级：Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的价目表适合四个基本类别的顾客。/ The rooms are of the standard expected from a hotel in a higher classification. 这些房间够得上更高档宾馆的标准。 **category** ['kætɪɡərɪ] n. [C] 有某些共同特征的一群人或一组事物，即（人或事物的）类别，相当于class：age, gender, income, occupational category 年龄类别；性别；收入类别；职业类别 / price, size, weight category 价格类别；尺寸类别；重量类别 / These cities fell into two broad categories. 这些城市分为两大类。/ a higher category of prison 关押重刑犯的监狱 **breed** [bri:d] n. [usually sing.] 类型，种类：He represents a new breed of politician. 他代表着新一类的政治家。/ Players as skilful as this are a rare breed. 如此有技巧的演奏者很少见。/ Sue is one of the new breed of British women squash players who are making a real impact. 苏是英国新一代的女子壁球运动员，她们的影响正在显现出来。/ The new breed of walking holidays puts the emphasis on enjoyment, not endurance. 这种新型的徒步旅行假日重在愉悦身心，而不是为了锻炼耐力。/ Entertainers of this sort are now a dying breed. 这类艺人越来越少，行将消失。/ It takes a special breed of person to be a surgeon. 经过特殊教养的人才能成为外科医生。/ a new breed of international criminals 新一类的国际罪犯 / Health workers are a breed apart in their commitment and dedication to duty. 在事业心和献身精神方面保健人员与一般人不同。 **stripe** [straɪp] n. [C] [尤美] 类型、种类：ideological，political stripe 意识形态类型；政治类型 / Politicians of every stripe have demonstrated a thirst for power. 无论哪种类型的政客都表现出对权力的渴望。 **variety** [və'raɪətɪ] n. 1 [sing.] variety (of sth) 同一事物的若干不同种类：a wide variety of patterns 种类繁多的图案 / a good variety of seafood 各式各样的海鲜菜品 / He resigned for a variety of reasons. 他由于种种原因辞职了。/ This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这一工具有多种用途。2 [C] variety (of sth) 在同一个总群体下，（与其他种类的事物）不同的一个种类的事物（如植物、语言等的变体、变种、品种）：different varieties of apple 苹果的不同品种 / different varieties of English 各类英语 / My cooking is of the ‘quick and simple’ variety. 我做饭菜属于既快捷又简单的那一类。 **riot** [ˈraɪət] n. [sing.] [正式] ~ of sth 很多种类的某东西的大杂烩：The garden was a riot of colour. 花园里色彩缤纷。/ All the cacti were in flower, so that the desert was a riot of colour. 所有的仙人掌都开花了，整个沙漠里五彩缤纷。/ With Indian cuisine, you expect a riot of tastes and spices. 印度菜肴口味丰富，并添加各种香料。 **model** ['mɒdl] n. [C] 某种设计；或一个产品的某个类型：The latest models will be on display at the motor show. 最新的车型将会在这次汽车展上展出。/ They do several other models of washing machine. 他们还生产其他几种型号的洗衣机。 **form** [fɔ:m] n. [C] 某事物的类型或种类：forms of energy 能源种类 / forms of cancer 癌症的种类 / Strikes are the most common form of industrial protest. 罢工是产业工人最常见的抗议方式。 **brand** [brænd] n. [C] 某事物（如思维或行为的方式）的类型：an unorthodox brand of humour 别具一格的幽默 / His designs have a unique brand of stylishness. 他的设计有一种独特的时尚感。 **description** [dɪs'krɪpʃən] n. [C] 用于of some, all, every. etc. description结构，表示类型：Events of this description occurred daily. 这类事情每天都在发生。/ cars of every description 各种类型的车 / His money came from trade of some description. 他的钱是做某种生意赚来的。/ medals, coins and things of that description 纪念章、硬币以及诸如此类的东西 **nature** ['neɪtʃə] n. [sing.] 种类、类型：books of a scientific nature 科学书籍 / You should prepare for the happening of things of this nature. 你应该为这类事情的发生做好准备。 **shade** [ʃeɪd] n. [C, usually pl.] shade of sth（观点、感情等的）一个不同的种类：shades of opinion（尤英）（比喻用法）各种有细微差别的意见 **stamp** [stæmp] n. [sing.] [正式]（尤指人的）种类、类型：men of a different stamp 另一类人 **strain** [streɪn] n. [C] 动植物的某个特定种类、品种，或由细菌等引起的疾病的某个类型：mutant strain 突变菌株 / virulent strain 毒性菌株 / antibiotic-resistant, drug-resistant, resistant strain 耐抗生素菌株；耐药性菌株；抗药性菌株 / bacterial, viral strain 细菌菌株；病毒菌株 / flu, influenza strain 流感菌株 / H5N1 is a strain of avian influenza. H5N1是一种禽流感菌株。/ a new strain of mosquitoes resistant to the poison 对这种毒药有抗药性的新品种蚊子 / This is only one of the many strains of the disease. 这种病有许多类型，这只是其中之一。相关词义延伸： · breed还可指品种（尤指人工培育的狗、猫或牲畜）。周边词汇补充： · spectrum可指某类事物的范围、系列； · mould可指（性格、态度、行为或生活方式的）模式，类型； · span可指范围；包括的种类。 · 表示“某类人”的词群见[[03人类个人]] · 表示“机器型号”的词群见[[04机器装备]] · 表示“等级”的词群见[[01程度等级]] · 表示“班级”的词群见[[11班级班组]] ☀ **分类、归类：** **sort** [sɔ:t] vt. sort sth (into sth) 将一些事物（根据其类型等）分配到不同的组里；将一些事物（根据其类型等）按照某种秩序排列；从其他一些事物中分离出某种类型的事物：The computer sorts the words into alphabetical order. 计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。/ Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted into plastics, glass and paper. 垃圾很容易分开并归入塑料、玻璃和纸三类。/ Sort the books according to their subject matter. 按照主题把这些书分类。/ We sorted the clothes into piles. 我们把衣服分成堆。 **classify** ['klæsɪfaɪ] vt. 1 在一些事物中，把具有某些共同特征的事物划分到一个组里去（以此来将所有这些事物分类或归类）。是一个基础用词：The books in the library are classified according to subject. 图书馆的书按学科分类。/ Patients are classified into three categories. 病人被归为三种类型。2 classify sb/sth as sth 确定某人或某事物该属于哪个组别，如划定、界定：Only five of these accidents were classified as major. 这些事故中只有五起被判定为重大事故。 **classification** [ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 1 [U] 对人或事物的分类、归类、分级：a style of music that defies classification (= is like no other) 独特的音乐风格 / a style of dancing that defies classification 一种难以归类的舞蹈风格 / racial, social classification 种族分类；社会等级 / job classification 职位类别 / security classification 保密等级 / a document with the security classification 'confidential' 密级为"机密"的文件 / classification scheme（英）, classification system 分类法；分类体系 / the broad classification of music into classical and pop 把音乐分成古典音乐和流行音乐的粗略分类 2 [U] [生物学]（动植物等的）分类学、分类法：了解即可 3 [C] [术语]（图书馆的书、磁带、杂志等的）分类系统，编目：了解即可 **categorize** [ˈkætəgəraɪz] vt. ~ sb/sth (as sth)把…分类或归类：Participants were categorized according to age. 参加者按年龄分组。/ His latest work cannot be categorized as either a novel or an autobiography. 他最近的作品既不属于小说也不属于自传。/ Lindsay, like his films, is hard to categorize. 林赛这个人和他的电影一样，很难归类。/ Make a list of your child's toys and then categorize them as sociable or antisocial. 把孩子的玩具列个单子，然后将其分为交际型和非交际型两类。/ Her work is difficult to categorize. 她的工作很难归类。/ to categorize people according to their jobs 把人员按工作分类 / We categorize voters by their choice of news-paper. 我们以选民对报纸的选择进行分类。/ Categorize the plants into four groups.把这些植物分成四类。/ The employees are categorized as support personnel. 这些员工被归为辅助人员。 **place** [pleɪs] vt. 经过与其他…相比较而把…归类，划归：The authorities have placed the drug in Class A, the same category as heroin and cocaine. 当局已把这种毒品定为A级，与海洛因和可卡因属同一类。 **class** [klɑːs] vt. class sb/sth (as sth) 把…归类或分类，常用被动式，语义上近似于classify：Immigrant workers were classed as aliens. 移民来的工人被归入侨民类。 **type** [taɪp] vt. [术语] 找出某人或事物所属的群体或类型：Blood samples were taken from patients for typing. 已采集患者的血样供测定血型用。 **stereotype** [ˈsteriətaɪp] vt. [常用被动式] ~ sb (as sth) 对…形成模式化（或类型化）的看法：Children from certain backgrounds tend to be stereotyped by their teachers. 教师往往模式化地根据学生的某些背景把他们归为某一类学生。/ Why are professors stereotyped as absent-minded? 为什么在人们心目中教授就一定健忘呢？/ He was stereotyped by some as a rebel. 他被一些人认定为叛逆者。/ I get very worked up about the way women are stereotyped in a lot of mainstream films. 我对很多主流电影中千篇一律的女性形象感到非常气愤。 **under** ['ʌndə] prep. 在一本书、一份清单等中的某一部分发现：The “General Diseases of the Eye” study is filed under E.“普通眼病”研究归在E下。/ If it’s not under ‘sports’, try looking under ‘games’. 如果在“体育运动”项下查不到，就试试“游戏”项吧。相关词义延伸： · sort还可指计算机技术中将数据按照某种顺序进行排列的过程。 · 表示“划分”的词群见[[13划分离开]] · 表示“分级”的词群见[[01程度等级]] · 表示“分班”的词群见[[11班级班组]] ☀ **多样的名词：** **diversity** [daɪˈvɜ:səti; 美 -ˈvɜ:rs-] n. 1 [U, C, usually sing.] 差异（性）；不同（点）：biological, ecological, gene, genetic, species diversity 生物多样性；生态多样性；基因多样性；遗传多样性；物种多样性 / the biological diversity of the rainforests 热带雨林的生物多样性 / a rich diversity of opinion 意见纷纭 / There is a wide diversity of views on this subject. 关于这一主题存在着多种多样的看法。/ His object is to gather as great a diversity of material as possible. 他的目标就是尽可能多地搜集各种材料。/ the rich diversity of the city's cultural life 城市文化生活的丰富多彩 / The south-east has the highest diversity of freshwater fish in the country. 东南部是该国淡水鱼多样性最高的地方。/ People are being encouraged to celebrate the diversity of their communities. 人们被鼓动着颂扬他们社区的多样性。2 [U] 多样性；多样化：the cultural diversity of British society 英国社会文化的多元性 / to introduce more choice and diversity into the education system 在教育体系中引入更多的选择和多样性 / There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education. 教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。/ There is need for greater diversity and choice in education。教育需要更加多样化，提供更多的选择。/ cultural, ethnic，gender，intellectual（尤美）, linguistic, political, racial, religious diversity 文化多样性；民族多样性；性别多样性；知识多样性；语言多样性；政治多样性；种族多样性；宗教多元化 / ideological diversity 意识形态多元化 / geographic（尤美）, geographical, regional 地理多元化；区域多元化 / global diversity 全球多元化 / Our party believes in encouraging cultural diversity, not division. 我们党鼓励文化多元化，而不是文化分歧。/ a racist society with a reluctance to embrace diversity 不愿拥抱多元化的种族主义社会 / You're lucky to work for a company which values diversity. 你很幸运能为一个尊重多元化的公司工作。/ The producer was under pressure to maintain a diversity in his output. 生产商承受着保持产品多元化的压力。/ The teaching profession does not yet reflect the diversity of the population. 教师职业还没有反映出人口的多样性。/ Tyrannies do not allow diversity and disagreement. 专制统治不容许多元化和不同意见。/ diversity in the style of the reports 报道风格的多元化 **variety** [və'raɪətɪ] n. [U]（存在的）多样化；（行为、过程的）多变性。相当于diversity：We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。/ Dealing with customers adds variety to the job. 与顾客打交道使这份工作有了色彩。/ the rich variety of the local bird life 当地丰富的鸟类品种 **assortment** [əˈsɔ:tmənt; 美 əˈsɔ:rt-] n. [usually sing.]（同种事物或不同种事物的）各种各样：a wide assortment of gifts to choose from 各式各样可供挑选的礼品 / a motley assortment of characters 鱼龙混杂的一群人 / He was dressed in an odd assortment of clothes. 他穿着奇装异服。/ an assortment of cheese 干酪什锦 / an assortment of nuts 各种各样的坚果 **spread** [spred] n. [C, usually sing.]（人或事物的）多样，广泛：a broad spread of opinions 各种各样的观点 ☀ **多样的形容词：** **various** ['veərɪəs] adj. 1 若干不同的、各种各样的，相当于diverse：Tents come in various shapes and sizes. 帐篷有各种各样的形状和尺寸。/ various reasons 各种各样的原因 / There are various ways of doing this. 做这一工作的方法有很多。2 [正式] 具有多个不同特征的，如多姿多彩的，相当于diverse：a large and various country 一个多姿多彩的大国 **varied** [ˈveərid; 美 ˈverid; ˈvær-] adj. [常褒] 各种各样的：varied opinions 各种不同的意见 / a wide and varied selection of cheeses 种类繁多的可供选购的奶酪 / It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced. 关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。/ Before his election to the presidency, Mitterrand had enjoyed a long and varied career. 在当选总统之前，密特朗有过一段漫长的职业生涯，干过很多不同的工作。/ The opportunities the job offers are many and varied. 这份工作可以提供多种多样的机会。/ an endlessly varied repertoire of songs 变化无尽的曲目 / The country has a rich and varied culture. 该国的文化丰富多彩。 **heterogeneous** [ˌhetərəˈdʒi:niəs] adj. [正式] 由很多种类组成的：the heterogeneous population of the United States 由不同族裔组成的美国人口 / the heterogeneous society of today 当今的异质性社会 / a rather heterogeneous collection of studies from diverse origins 一组来源各异、内容丰富多样的研究 / heterogeneous collections 各种各样的收藏品 **diverse** [daɪ'və:s] adj. 彼此之间十分不同且多种多样的：people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 / My interests are very diverse. 我的兴趣非常广泛。/ economically, religiously, socially diverse 经济多元化；宗教多元化；社会多元化 / an ethnically diverse population 多民族的人口 / biologically diverse 生物多样化 **wide** [waɪd] adj.（数量或种类）多的：a wide range of goods 一系列品种繁多的货品 / a wide choice of hotels 选择范围很广的旅馆 **odd** [ɒd; 美 ɑ:d] adj. [只用于名词前]（无比较级和最高级）没有特定类型或尺寸的、各种各样的：decorations made of odd scraps of paper 用各种各样的纸片做的装饰相关词义延伸： · variety还可指一种综合性的剧院（或电视）娱乐节目（包括了各种各样的短小的表演，如歌唱、舞蹈、滑稽演出）； · varied还可指变化的；多变的。 · 表示“广泛”的词群见[[02广泛普遍]]和[[07宽窄]]