# Attachment needs
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## Short definition
[[Attachment]] needs are the fundamental, lifelong needs for accessibility, responsiveness and engagement from significant others — EFT's premise that beneath almost every relationship conflict is a bid for reassurance that "you're there for me, you see me, I matter to you."
## Level
[[LEVEL 2 — CONCEPTS]]
## Expanded definition
Building directly on [[Attachment]] theory, EFT treats adult romantic and family relationships as attachment bonds in their own right — not childhood needs a person should have outgrown, but lifelong, legitimate needs for a secure connection. Johnson's central reframe of couple conflict is that beneath almost any specific argument (about chores, money, time) is an unmet attachment need — a fear that a partner is not reliably available and responsive. This is assessed directly through the [[A.R.E.]] framework: Accessibility, [[Responsiveness]], Engagement.
## Why this concept matters
Treating relationship conflict as being about attachment needs, rather than the surface content of an argument, changes what a couple is actually working on — not who's right about the dishes, but whether each partner can trust the other to be there when it matters.
## Non-clinical example
A recurring argument about a friend always being late isn't really about punctuality — it's a bid for reassurance that the friendship matters enough to be prioritised.
## Clinical example
A couple's repeated arguments about household chores are reframed, in EFT, as being about a deeper attachment need — whether each partner feels like a priority to the other — which changes the entire conversation from logistics to connection.
## Core insight
Beneath most relationship conflict is an attachment need for reassurance and connection, not the surface content of the argument itself — addressing the attachment need directly is what actually resolves the distress.
## Questions before a session
- What attachment need might be underneath this couple's presenting conflict?
## Questions during a session
- What are you really asking for, underneath this specific complaint?
## Questions after a session
- Did the attachment need beneath today's conflict become visible and addressed?
## Related epistemologies
[[Attachment-informed epistemology]]
## Related schools and models
[[Emotionally Focused]]
## Related concepts
[[Attachment]]
[[A.R.E.]]
[[Negative interaction cycle]]
## Related pathways
[[Emotionally Focused pathway]]
[[Attachment pathway]]
## Key theorists / contributors
[[Sue Johnson]]
[[John Bowlby]]
## Key texts / references
- Johnson, S. M. (2008). *Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love*. Little, Brown Spark.
- Bowlby, J. (1988). *A Secure Base: Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development*. Basic Books.
## Notes / source material
Johnson's key contribution was extending Bowlby's attachment theory, originally developed for children, directly and fully into adult romantic relationships.
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