## Overview **Protocol Requirements** Atomic Broadcast that is dynamically available with resilience 1/2 and that can resist periods of temporary asynchrony Tolerate dynamic participation, use subsampling, and is asynchrony resilient (Ideally) resistance of up to 1/2 malicious nodes under synchrony 1/3 malicious nodes to tolerate asynchrony Reasonably resilient to asynchrony, even if it's not finalizing (RLMD-GHOST has it, MR doesn't) Safe under asynchrony like Casper FFG or CBC Vitalik doesn't think like under asynchrony consensus is worth it because it relies on complex machinery (common coins) # Phase 1: Research ### Protocols - [[RLMD-GHOST]] - [[RLMD-GHOST Revisited]] - [[Momose-Ren]] - [[Momose-Ren Revisited]] - [[Malkhi, Momose, Ren]] - [[Goldfish]] - [[Goldfish at SBC 2023]] - [[Tendermint]] - [[Algorand]] - [[Sei’s twin-turbo consensus]] - [[SKALE consensus (Asynchronous Binary Byzantine Agreement)]] - [[PBFT]] - [[HotStuff]] - [[Hotstuff-2]] - [[Avalanche]] - [[Streamlining Sleepy Consensus - Total-Order Broadcast with Single-Vote Decisions in the Sleepy Model]] - [[Streamlining Sleepy Consensus Revisited]] - [[GA-based SSF]] **Most applicable for LMD-GHOST replacement are RLMD-GHOST And the TOB with single-vote decisions** [[Protocol Comparison]] ### Approaches, Designs, and Supplementary Materials - Vitalik’s cumulative commitee-based finality approach ([[A model for cumulative committee-based finality]]) - Casper CBC - [[Casper]] FFG (alongside a consensus mechanism) - Longest-chain paradigm/ [[Nakamoto Consensus]] - [[sleepy model]] and its modifications - [[availability-finality dilemma]] - [[Graded Agreement]] and dynamic quorums - [[Horn - Collecting signatures for faster finality]] (signature aggregation design) - [[Reorg resilience]] - [[dynamic participation]]/availability - [[asynchrony resilience]] - [[propose-vote-merge]] - [[Byzantine Consensus Models]] - [One-shot quantum signatures](https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/14vpyb3/comment/jrnyxa8/) - Attestation and acknowledgment - Advance network speed and if liveness is lost, wait for Deltas. - *responsiveness trick* ### Reading List [[Ethereum-Aligned]] [[Alternative Consensus Mechanisms]] ### Readings [[A Simple Single Slot Finality Protocol Paper]] [[Simple SSF Revisited]] [[View-merge as a replacement for proposer boost]] [[Instant Finality in Byzantine Generals Under Unknown or Dynamic Participation]] [[Instant Finality in Byzantine Atomic Broadcast Under Unknown or Dynamic Participation]] [[Byzantine Consensus under Fully Fluctuating Participation]] [[Constant Latency in sleepy consensus]] [[Recent latest message driven ghost Balancing dynamic availability with asynchrony resilience]] [[Minority Corruption Resilience in Byzantine Generals With Unknown and Fluctuating Participation]] [[A model for cumulative committee-based finality]] Alternative to [Casper CBC, Simplified!. A simplified overview of… | by Aditya Asgaonkar | Medium](https://medium.com/@aditya.asgaonkar/casper-cbc-simplified-2370922f9aa6) [[Reorg Resilience and Security in post-SSF LMD-GHOST]] [[Horn - Collecting signatures for faster finality]] [[Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance]] [[The latest Gossip on BFT consensus]] [[HotStuff BFT Consensus in the Lens of Blockchain]] [[HotStuff-2 Optimal Two-Phase Responsive BFT]] [[What is the difference between PBFT, Tendermint, HotStuff, and HotStuff-2]] [[Evolution of the Ethereum PoS Consensus Protocol Pt 1]] (WIP) [[Algorand Scaling Byzantine Agreements for Cryptocurrencies]] [[Goldfish at SBC 2023]] [[Designing a DV Protocol for Decentralized PoS Consensus]] [[RLMD-GHOST at SBC 2023]] [[Avalanche Consensus]] [[Scalable and Probabilistic Leaderless BFT Consensus Through Metastability]] [[Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget]] [[Evolution of the Ethereum PoS Consensus Protocol Pt 1]] [[Resolving the availability-finality dilemma]] [[Cascading Network Effects on Ethereum's Finality]] [[One-shot quantum signatures]] [[Accountable Safety Implies Finality]] [[Optimal Flexible Consensus and its Application to Ethereum]] [[Improving Asynchrony Resilience in Dynamically Available Total-Order Broadcast Protocols]] [[Confirmation Rule for Ethereum]] [[Super-Finality -- High-Safety Confirmation for Casper]] [[Combining GHOST and Casper]] [[Goldfish - No More Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum]] [[Signature Aggregation DevConnect]] [[ZK based signatures and (potential) applications to SSF]] [Retrospective Roadmap: Navigating Through a Year of Theoretical Consensus Research - HackMD](https://notes.ethereum.org/@luca-zanolini/Byd-MjGQp) [[Signature Merging for Large Scale Consensus]] [[Streamlining Fast Finality]] ### Resources [Workshop at SBC'22 | Tse Lab at Stanford University](https://tselab.stanford.edu/workshop-sbc22/) [Workshop at SBC'23 | Tse Lab at Stanford University](https://tselab.stanford.edu/workshop-sbc23/) Aug 27th Look back at hotstuff's related work section for a history of BFT [Spring 2023-CS 539-Distributed Algorithms-ECE 526](https://canvas.illinois.edu/courses/33367) [cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/465/notes.pdf](https://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/465/notes.pdf) [Challenge #1: Echo · Fly Docs](https://fly.io/dist-sys/1/) ### Things to Cite [groups.csail.mit.edu/tds/papers/Lynch/jacm88.pdf](https://groups.csail.mit.edu/tds/papers/Lynch/jacm88.pdf) - partial synchrony [The Sleepy Model of Consensus | SpringerLink](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-70697-9_14) [eprint.iacr.org/2018/754.pdf](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/754.pdf)