Source PDFs - Shane's Database

#### Below is a complete working list of all of the .pdfs we have collected, read, analyzed and modified. Right below the list will be the .pdfs themselves, you can read them in the window here, or you can download any of them with the little download button top right. If we are missing any or you think you have a constructive suggestion, tell shane. ![[Attachments/The Roland De Witte 199-Cahill-August 01, 2006.pdf]] ![[Attachments/What and How the Michelson Interferom-Demjanov.pdf]] ![[Attachments/image.png]] All PDFS. files.aethercosmology.com/s/AllShanePDFs Ather wind files.aethercosmology.com/s/EtherWindPapers Preferred Direction files.aethercosmology.com/s/EtherWindPreferredDirection Chronology PDFS GPS files.aethercosmology.com/s/GPSVariantSpeedofLight Sagnac effect files.aethercosmology.com/s/SagnacEffect Perspective files.aethercosmology.com/s/E3ODM4M Longitude files.aethercosmology.com/s/LongitudeAndPapersFrom1700 Memes files.aethercosmology.com/s/1000FEMemes https://scisummary.com/summary/d69f11e3-2cc9-4019-881f-2dd318510566/shared ![[Attachments/EINSTEIN'S.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Light Transmission and the Sagnac Effect on the Rotating Earth.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Measuring Ether-Drift Velocity and Kine-Galaev.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Michelson Interferometer Operating at-Demjanov.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Michelson-Gale.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Modified Sagnac Experiment fo-Ruyong-June 2003.pdf]] ![[Attachments/On a Fringe Displacement of Fringes-A. Dufour.pdf]] ![[Attachments/On the Relative Motion of the Earth-Michelson.pdf]] ![[Attachments/On the Role of the Michelson–Morley-Van Dongen.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Physical Interpretation of the Fringe-Demjanov.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Re-examination of the Experimental Evid-Correa.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Test of the One-way Speed of Light-Wang-10_24.pdf]] ![[Attachments/THE MEASURING OF ETHER-DRIFT VELOCITY AND.pdf]] ## Ather wind ![[Attachments/A Landmark Experiment_ The Linear Sagn-Bennett.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Allais_1954_DeepL_en.pdf]] ![[Attachments/APPARENT WEIGHT OF PHOTONS.pdf]] ![[Attachments/APRExistenceoftheEther2018.pdf]] ## Preferred Direction ![[Attachments/Atsukovsky_Ether_Dynamics_2003 (1).pdf]] ![[Attachments/Etheral Wind in Experience of Millimetric Radi (2).pdf]] ![[Attachments/GENERAL ETHER-.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Generalized Sagnac Effect_Ruyong_Wang.pdf]] ![[Attachments/modified_sagnac_experiment_for_measuring_travel-time_difference_between_counter_propagating_light_beams_in_a_uniformly_moving_FOG_Ruyong_Wang.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Re-examine_the_two_principles_of_Special_Relat.pdf]] ![[Attachments/SagnacA1913English.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Test of the one-way speed of light and the fir.pdf]] ![[Attachments/THE MEASURING OF ETHER-DRIFT VsELOCITY AND.pdf]] ![[Attachments/The Michelson-Gale Experiment 6.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Light Transmission and the Sagnac Effect on the Rotating Earth 1.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Modified Sagnac Experiment fo-Ruyong-June 2003 1.pdf]] ## Chronology PDFS ## GPS ![[Attachments/GPS and Relativity_ An Engineering Ove-Fliegel.pdf]] ![[Attachments/GPS and the One-Way Speed of Light-J.G.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Re-examine the Two Princ-Wang-13-16 March 2000.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Successful GPS Operations Contradict the-Wang.pdf]] ![[Attachments/Testing Relativity of Simultaneity-Peng-10_25.pdf]] ![[Attachments/The GPS and the Constant Velocity-Marmet-01_01.pdf]] ![[Attachments/THE SAGNAC EFFECT_IN_GPS.pdf]] ## Sagnac effect https://aethercosmology.com/t/sagnac-sources-interferometry-and-gps/80 Fizeau - 1851 - On the hypotheses relating to the luminous æther [Fizeau - 1851 - On the hypotheses relating to the luminous æther.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/5F1c0Zz6NZJw8A0ftYPuzAvqBN0.pdf) (345.9 KB) Fizeau’s Experiment [Fizeau’s experiment - The original paper.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/4GTDBtwRWaqGmlu8vepc7j27Axc.pdf) (203.7 KB) Maxwell JC - A Dynamic Theory of the Electromagnetic Field - 1865 [Maxwell JC - A Dynamic Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/ax9A0Arcn8W2Y6qQr8SUiapa7Pg.pdf) (5.3 MB) Michelson-Morley - 1887 - On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Aether [Michelson-Morley.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/5Shp0pgxwr2crLX6t65FYBv6ar5.pdf) (420.3 KB) Albert Einstein - 1905 - On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies [Einstein_1905_relativity.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/asQY7tjYVuAmGu48yy4ejbOO8Du.pdf) (246.4 KB) The Propagation of Light in Rotating Systems [1921-Silberstein-The_propagation_of_light_in_r.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/8IYBxXdgkGAPg8ZcHpiUqbPDaZf.pdf) (864.2 KB) The Effect of the Earth’s Rotation on the Velocity of Light [1925-The_Effect_of_the_Earths_Rotat-Michelson.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/xz8aZWMqksL2emn0spvDtI68NZx.pdf) (262.8 KB) Ether Drift Experiments in 1929 and Other Evidences of Solar Motion [Miller1930.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/5NJh9anxY4UiM3CIxDzq5FWQIq4.pdf) (268.7 KB) Ether-Drift Experiments at Mount Wilson by Dayton Miller [ETHER-DRIFT EXPERIMENTS AT MOUNT WILSON By DAYTON MILLER.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/d1mpUMQmkU2qVQfuHTSmKNT3yTk.pdf) (1.1 MB) Hatch - 1992 - Escape from Einstein [Hatch - 1992 - Escape from Einstein.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/axn44RFF9tBfk6qsIOHLjz5ojyx.pdf) (122.9 MB) Wang - Successful GPS Operations Contradict the Two Principles of Special Relativity and Imply a New Way for Inertial Navigation - Measuring Speed Directly [Wang - Successful GPS Operations Contradict the Two Princ.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/q8rQbF8zvLlpEsqXzCrBpDsnSQe.pdf) (320.5 KB) Conducting a Crucial Experiment of the Constancy of the Speed of Light Using GPS [Wang and Hatch - Conducting a Crucial Experiment of the Constancy o.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/k5b6RU1YV1DwwzwOAIw6VXpXo4d.pdf) (226.0 KB) Galaev - Ethereal Wind in Experience of Millimetric Radiowaves Propagation [Galaev - ETHERAL WIND IN EXPERIENCE OF MILLIMETRIC RADIOWAVE PROP.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/zybh3I7XncZiPVWuBkEpFhcwEl6.pdf) (539.5 KB) Galaev - The Measuring of Ether-Drift Velocity and Kinematic Ether Viscosity Within Optical Waves Band [Galaev - THE MEASURING OF ETHER-DRIFT VELOCITY AND KINEMATIC VISC.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/jDkNIEVsSeQyYXPdGG06hSabs04.pdf) (551.9 KB) Wang et al. - 2004 - Generalized Sagnac Effect [Wang et al. - 2004 - Generalized Sagnac Effect.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/shYNloWpDKb3Rqms5bI2WLXu511.pdf) (224.5 KB) Wang et al. - Interferometer Speedometer Patent [Wang Speedometer Patent.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/dmWmWdeGVAk9GXZYoHdbRKrmW0E.pdf) (345.4 KB) Robert Bennett - A Landmark Experiment - The Linear Sagnac Test of Ruyong Wang [Robert Bennett - A Landmark Experiment - The Linear Sagnac Test of Ruyong Wang.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/jo3k8HaEPXAfgcGwDhEhkU1YNef.pdf) (481.4 KB) Wang et al. - Test of the one-way speed of light and the first-order [Wang et al. - Test of the one-way speed of light and the first-order.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/35V9XzCjFXAgf5wLpTYyzCreCZ5.pdf) (219.7 KB) Wang et al. - Light Drag Effect of Vacuum Tube Versus Light Propagation in Stationary Vacuum Tube [Wang et al. - Light Drag Effect of Vacuum Tube Versus Light Prop.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/1sIc9By4TqC0mscXmXShbKfWPn9.pdf) (806.2 KB) Paul Marmet - 2000 - The GPS and the constant velocity of light [Marmet - The GPS and the constant velocity of light.pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/7aMRSrKa7mL0pwZIpZ9npLzkXoU.pdf) (505.0 KB) Robert Bennett - Sagnac Completed by Dufour & Prunier [Bennett - Sagnac completed by Dufour & Prunier(1942).pdf](https://aethercosmology.com/uploads/short-url/f7VH4milbS2EBFUT4pDnWbWzG5Z.pdf) (868.4 KB) ## Perspective Longitude Memes (1961). "The Relativistic Theory of the Fresnel Drag Coefficient." (2002). "Geocentric Datum of Australia Technical Manual." (2019). "The Derivation of Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion From Newton’s Law of Gravity." (2010), D. M. "The Michelson-Gale Experiment:." A. Dufour, F. P. (1942). "On a Fringe Displacement of Fringes Recorded on a Platform in Uniform Rotation." J. de Physique. Radium **Radium 3, 9**: 153-162. A. Dufour, F. P. (2010). "On a Fringe Movement Registered on a Platform in Unformation Motion." Physics Essays. Abramov, D. V. and V. N. Koneshov (2015). "On the influence of intense thunderstorm activity on high-precision gravimetric observations." Seismic Instruments **51**(3): 256-258. af Bingen, H. (1998). The Letters of Hildegard of Bingen vol. I, Oxford University Press. af Bingen, H. (1998). The letters of Hildegard of Bingen vol. II, Oxford University Press. Airy, G. B. (1871). "Airy's Failure, On a supposed alteration of aberration of Light ". Airy, G. B. (1871 - 1872). "On a Supposed Alteration in the Amount of Astronomical Aberration of Light, Produced by the Passage of the Light through a Considerable Thickness of Refracting Medium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London **Vol. 20 (1871 - 1872)**. Alan (2023). "Alan's Presentation on Stella Parallax PDF." ALLAIS, M. (1925). "THE EXPERIMENTS OF DAYTON C. MILLER AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY." ALLAIS, M. (1997). ALLAIS, M. (SPACE ANISOTROPY). CLÉ$IENT.JUt.lAH. Allan, D. W., et al. (1985). "Around-the-World Relativistic Sagnac Experiment." Science **228**(4695): 69-70. In 1971 Hafele and Keating carried portable atomic clocks east and then west around the world and verified the Sagnac effect, a special relativity effect attributable to the earth's rotation. In the study reported here observations of the effect were made by using electromagnetic signals instead of portable clocks to make clock comparisons. Global Positioning System satellites transmit signals that can be viewed simultaneously from remote stations on the earth; thus an around-the-world Sagnac experiment can be performed with electromagnetic signals. The effect is larger than that occurring when portable clocks are used. The average error over a 3-month experiment was only 5 nanoseconds. ALLEN, M. (1970). "1970 Solar Eclipse as "Seen" by a Torsion Pendulu." Almassi, B. (2009). "Trust in expert testimony: Eddington's 1919 eclipse expedition and the British response to general relativity." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics **40**(1): 57-67. The 1919 British astronomical expedition led by Arthur Stanley Eddington to observe the deflection of starlight by the sun, as predicted by Einstein's relativistic theory of gravitation, is a fascinating example of the importance of expert testimony in the social transmission of scientific knowledge. While Popper lauded the expedition as science at its best, accounts by Earman and Glymour, Collins and Pinch, and Waller are more critical of Eddington's work. Here I revisit the eclipse expedition to dispute the characterization of the British response to general relativity as the blind acceptance of a partisan's pro-relativity claims by colleagues incapable of criticism. Many factors served to make Eddington the trusted British expert on relativity in 1919, and his experimental results rested on debatable choices of data analysis, choices criticized widely since but apparently not widely by his British contemporaries. By attending to how and to whom Eddington presented his testimony and how and by whom this testimony was received, I suggest, we may recognize as evidentially significant corroborating testimony from those who were expert not in relativity but in observational astronomy. We are reminded that even extraordinary expert testimony is neither offered nor accepted entirely in an epistemic vacuum. Arp, H. (1966). "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series **14**: 1. Arp, H. (1986). "Quasars in the central region of the Virgo Cluster." Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy **7**(2): 77-81. Arp, H. (1988). Quasars, Redshifts, and Controversies, Interstellar Media. Arp, H. (1998). Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science, C. Roy Keys Incorporated. Arp, H. (1999). Redshifts of New Galaxies. Symposium-International Astronomical Union, Cambridge University Press. Arp, H. (2001). "Origins of Quasars and Galaxy Clusters." arXiv preprint astro-ph/0105325. Arp, H. (2003). Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations, C. Roy Keys Incorporated. Arp, H. (2007). "How Certain is the Distance to the Most Luminous Supernova?" arXiv preprint arXiv:0709.4100. Arp, H. (2007) Quasars and the Hubble Relation. arXiv:0711.2607 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.0711.2607 If active galaxies are defined as extragalactic objects with appreciably non thermal spectra then a continuity exists in redshift from the highest redshift quasars to low redshift Seyferts, AGNs and allied galaxies. Evidence is discussed for this sequence to be an evolutionary track with objects evolving from high to low intrinsic redshift with time. At the end of this evolution the objects are nearly the same age as our own galaxy and they come to rest on the traditional Hubble relation. Arp, H., et al. (1994). Frontiers of Fundamental Physics, Springer US. Arp, H., et al. (2002). "NGC 3628: Ejection Activity Associated with Quasars." Astronomy & Astrophysics **391**(3): 833-840. Arp, H., et al. (2001). "X-ray-emitting QSOs ejected from Arp 220." The Astrophysical Journal **553**(1): L11. Arp, H., et al. (2002). "NGC 3628: Ejection activity associated with quasars." Astronomy & Astrophysics **391**(3): 833-840. Arp, H., et al. (1973). The Redshift Controversy, Addison-Wesley. Arp, H., et al. (2013). Progress in New Cosmologies: Beyond the Big Bang, Springer US. Arp, H., et al. (1997). Modern Mathematical Models of Time and Their Applications to Physics and Cosmology : Proceedings of the International Conference Held in Tucson, Arizona, 11-13 April, 1996. Arp, H. D., N. and A. Kembhavi (2000). The Universe: Visions and Perspectives, Springer Netherlands. Arteha, S. N. (2012). "Criticism of the Foundations of the Relativity Theory." viXra. Assis, A. K. T. (1999). Relational Mechanics, Apeiron Montreal. Atsukovsky, V. A. (1990). "General Ether-Dynamics. Simulation of the Matter Structures and Fields on the Basis of the Ideas about the Gas-Like Ether." Atsyukovsky, V. A. (2003). General Ether-Dynamics: Modeling of Matter and Field Structures on the Basis of Representations About the Gas-Like Ether, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Babbitt, E. D. (1925). The Principles of Light and Color: Including Among Other Things the Harmonic Laws of the Universe, the Etherio-Atomic Philosophy of Force, Chromo Chemistry, Chromo Therapeutics, and the General Philosophy of the Fine Forces. Together with Numerous Discoveries and Practical Applications. Illustrated by More Than Two Hundred Engravings and Four Colored Plates, Spectrochrome Institute. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (2015). "Estimating distances from parallaxes." Publications ofthe Astronomical Society ofthe Pacific Balachandran, N. K. (1980). "Gravity Waves from Thunderstorms." Monthly Weather Review **108**(6): 804-816. Barrett, K. (2011). "‘Explaining’ themselves: The Barrington papers, the board of longitude, and the fate of John Harrison." Notes and Records of the Royal Society **65**(2): 145-162. Beckmann, P. (1987). Einstein Plus Two, Golem Press. Benedetto, E., et al. (2019). "On the General Relativistic Framework of the Sagnac effect." The European Physical Journal C **79**(3): 1-5. Bennett, R. (2014). "A Landmark Experiment: The Linear Sagnac Test of Ruyong Wang." Bennett, R. (2020). "Sagnac (1913) Completed by Dufour & Prunier (1942)." Bennett, R. (2023). "Einstein's 1905 Relativity Paper - Analysis and Obituary." Bennett, R. J. (1971). Relativistic Rigid Body Motion, Stevens Institute of Technology. Bethell, T. (2010). "Questioning Einstein: Is Relativity Necessary?" PROCEEDINGS of the NPA. Blank, A. A. (1953). "The Luneburg theory of binocular visual space." J Opt Soc Am **43**(9): 717-727. A theoretical treatment of binocular space perception based on the methods of Rudolph K. Luneburg. A simplified axiomatics is employed. New experimental results are brought within the framework of the theory. The experimental evidence is seen to support Luneburg’s hypothesis as to the hyperbolic character of visual space. The relation between visual and physical coordinates proposed by Luneburg is found to hold only as a special case of a more general transformation. Blank, A. A. (1961). "Curvature of Binocular Visual Space An Experiment." Journal of the Optical Society of America **51**(3): 335-339. The sign of the curvature of any geometry is an intrinsic property independent of its coordinatization. Accordingly, it is possible in principle to determine the sign of the curvature of binocular visual space without employing knowledge of the particular relationship between the physical stimulus and the associated visual geometry. A simple experiment for making this determination is described and the outcome for a number of observers is presented. For most of the observers the indicated curvature is negative, in agreement with the preponderance of earlier findings. Blasko, I., et al. (2004). "How chronic inflammation can affect the brain and support the development of Alzheimer's disease in old age: the role of microglia and astrocytes." Aging Cell **3**(4): 169-176. A huge amount of evidence has implicated amyloid beta (A beta) peptides and other derivatives of the amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) as central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is also widely recognized that age is the most important risk factor for AD and that the innate immune system plays a role in the development of neurodegeneration. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms that underlie age-related changes of innate immunity and how they affect brain pathology. Aging is characteristically accompanied by a shift within innate immunity towards a pro-inflammatory status. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 beta can then in combination with interferon-gamma be toxic on neurons and affect the metabolism of beta APP such that increased concentrations of amyloidogenic peptides are produced by neuronal cells as well as by astrocytes. A disturbed balance between the production and the degradation of A beta can trigger chronic inflammatory processes in microglial cells and astrocytes and thus initiate a vicious circle. This leads to a perpetuation of the disease. Bothwell, T., et al. (2022). "Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample." Nature **602**(7897): 420-424. Einstein's theory of general relativity states that clocks at different gravitational potentials tick at different rates relative to lab coordinates-an effect known as the gravitational redshift(1). As fundamental probes of space and time, atomic clocks have long served to test this prediction at distance scales from 30 centimetres to thousands of kilometres(2-4). Ultimately, clocks will enable the study of the union of general relativity and quantum mechanics once they become sensitive to the finite wavefunction of quantum objects oscillating in curved space-time. Towards this regime, we measure a linear frequency gradient consistent with the gravitational redshift within a single millimetre-scale sample of ultracold strontium. Our result is enabled by improving the fractional frequency measurement uncertainty by more than a factor of 10, now reaching 7.6 x 10(-21). This heralds a new regime of clock operation necessitating intra-sample corrections for gravitational perturbations. Boyd, J. (2022). Polaris: The Mathematics of Navigation and the Shape of the Earth. Britannica, E. (1937). Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. **8:** 751-755. Builder, G. (1958). "Ether and Relativity." Australian Journal of Physics **11**(3): 279-297. Cahill, R. T. (2006) The Roland De Witte 1991 Detection of Absolute Motion and Gravitational Waves. physics/0608205 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.physics/0608205 In 1991 Roland De Witte carried out an experiment in Brussels in which variations in the one-way speed of RF waves through a coaxial cable were recorded over 178 days. The data from this experiment shows that De Witte had detected absolute motion of the earth through space, as had six earlier experiments, beginning with the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887. His results are in excellent agreement with the extensive data from the Miller 1925/26 detection of absolute motion using a gas-mode Michelson interferometer atop Mt.Wilson, California. The De Witte data reveals turbulence in the flow which amounted to the detection of gravitational waves. Similar effects were also seen by Miller, and by Torr and Kolen in their coaxial cable experiment. Here we bring together what is known about the De Witte experiment. Cahill, R. T. and K. Kitto (2002). "Michelson-Morley Experiments Revisited and the Cosmic Background Radiation Preferred Frame." arXiv preprint physics/0205065. Caligiuri, L. M. and A. Sorli (2014). The Sagnac Effect in GPS, Absolute Simultaneity and the New Meaning of Time. Proceedings 20th IMEKO TC4 International Symposium. Casonato, G. (2020). Hafele-Keating Experiment Reassessed. Charnwood, L. (1948). "Mathematical analysis of binocular vision." Optician **115**(2965): 3. Cheng, C. H. (2012). "Full waveform inversion of P waves for Vs and Qp." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth **94**(B11): 15619-15625. Ching-Chuan, S. (2000). A Local-Ether Model of Wave Propagation Complying with the Sagnac Correction in the Global Positioning System. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Transmitting Waves of Progress to the Next Millennium. 2000 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (C. Christian Hirt, 2 Sébastien Guillaume,3 Annemarie Wisbar,1 Beat Bürki,3 and Harald Sternberg1 (2010). "Monitoring of the refraction coefficient in the lower atmosphere using a controlled setup of simultaneous reciprocal vertical angle measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres **VOL. 115, D21102**. Collaboration, A. (2004). "Measurement of W-Pair Production in e+ e- Collisions at Centre-of-Mass Energies from 183 to 209 GeV." The European Physical Journal C-Particles and Fields **38**(2): 147-160. Collamore, R. G. S. (1924). His Pronouncement: A Layman's Version, a Layman's Message, Dorrance. Cook, M. J. ( August 5, 1766). "An observation of an eclipse of the Sun at the Island of New-found-land,." Correa, P. N., et al. (2020). "Re-examination of the Experimental Evidence for a Nonzero Aether Drift Part 2: Rotational and post-1930 Linear Experiments." Journal of Aetherometric Research **3**(2): 1-20. Craig, W. L. and Q. Smith (2007). Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity, Routledge. Crothers, S. J. (2005). "On the Geometry of the General Solution for the Vacuum Field of the Point-Mass." Progress in Physics **2**: 3-14. Crothers, S. J. (2012). "Proof of the Invalidity of the Black Hole and Einstein’s Field Equations." Crothers, S. J. (2013). Simple Proof that Black Holes Have no Basis in General Relativity. Crothers, S. J. (2016). "A Critical Analysis of LIGO’s Recent Detection of Gravitational Waves Caused by Merging Black Holes." Hadronic Journal **39**: 1. Crothers, S. J. (2018). Gravitational Waves: Propagation Speed Is Coordinate Dependent. APS April Meeting Abstracts. Crothers, S. J. (2020). "Einstein’s Pseudotensor - A Meaningless Concoction of Mathematical Symbols." Crothers, S. J. (2020). "The Landau-Lifshitz Pseudotensor - Another Meaningless Concoction of Mathematical Symbols." D. Basil, D., et al. (2021). "Determination of Deflection of the Vertical Components: Implications on Terrestrial Geodetic Measurement." Trends Journal of Sciences Research **1**(1): 36-49. The deflection of the vertical is an important parameter that combines both physical (astronomic) and geometric (geodetic) quantities. It is critical in such areas as datum transformation, reduction of astronomic observation to the geodetic reference surface, geoid modelling and geophysical prospecting. Although the deflection of the vertical is a physical property of the gravitational field of the earth; which almost all terrestrial survey measurements, with the exception of spatial distances, made on the earth surface are with respect to the Earth’s gravity vector, because a spirit bubble is usually used to align survey instruments. It has been ignored in most geodetic computation and adjustment. This research work is therefore aimed at computing the component of the deflection of the vertical component for part of Rivers State using a geometric method. This method involves the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain the geodetic coordinate of points, precisely levelling to obtain the orthometric height of this point located within the study area. By least square using MATLAB program, the estimated deflections of vertical component parameters for the test station SVG/GPS-002 were; -0.0473” and 0.0393” arc seconds for the north-south and east-west components respectively. The associated standard errors of the North-south and East-west components were ±0.0093” and ±0.0060” arc seconds, respectively. The deflection of the vertical was also computed independently from gravimetric models of the earth as: ξ = 0.0204” ±0.0008814”, η = -0.0345” ±0.0014”; ξ =0.0157” ±0.000755”, η = -0.0246” ±0.0012”; ξ = -0.0546±0.0006014, η = -0.0208±0.0006014 for EGM 2008, EGM 1996 and EGM 1984 respectively. The two-tailed hypothesis test reveals that the estimated deflection component is statistically correct at 95% confidence interval. It was observed that the effect of the deflection of the vertical is directly proportional to the distance of the geodetic baseline. Therefore, including the derived component of deflection of the vertical to the ellipsoidal model will yield high observational accuracy since an ellipsoidal model is not tenable due to its far observational error in the determination of high-quality job. It is important to include the determined deflection of the vertical component for Rivers State, Nigeria D’Abramo, G. (2020). "Mass–Energy Connection Without Special Relativity." European Journal of Physics **42**(1): 015606. Dalton, K. (1997). "Einstein's Violation of General Covariance." arXiv preprint physics/9703023. Dalton, K. (1997). "Farewell to General Relativity." arXiv preprint physics/9710001. DeMeo, J. (2004). "A Dynamic and Substantive Cosmological Ether." Proceedings of the Natural Philosophy Alliance **1**: 15-20. DeMeo, J. (2004). "A Dynamic and Substantive Cosmological Ether." Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory, Ashland, Oregon, USA. DeMeo, J. (2014). "Does a Cosmic Ether Exist? Evidence from Dayton Miller and Others." Journal of Scientific Exploration **28**: 647-682. Demjanov, V. (2001). "Michelson Interferometer Operating at Effects of First Order with Respect to v/c." Demjanov, V. (2009). "Physical Interpretation of the Fringe Shift Measured on Michelson Interferometer in Optical Media." Demjanov, V. (2010). "What and How the Michelson Interferometer Measures." Denisov, V. I. and A. A. Logunov (1982). "The Inertial Mass Defined in the General Theory of Relativity Has No Physical Meaning." Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika **51**(2): 163-170. Dieffenbach, J. F. (1847). Der Aether gegen den Schmerz, Hirschwald. Dieffenbach, J. F. (1847). Der Aether gegen den Schmerz (The Aether Against Pain), Hirschwald. Dinu, I. (2012). "Trouble with Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Theory: Can Fields Induce Other Fields in Vacuum?" The Great Science Journal. Dinu, I. (2013). "Radio Waves – Part III: The Photoelectric Effect Explaining the Photoelectric Effect as an Effect of Electromagnetic Induction." Doug Marett, A. M. (2010). "The Michelson-Gale Experiment." Dreisonstok, J. Y. (1933). Navigation Tables for Mariners and Aviators, U.S. Government Printing Office. Drezet∗, A. "The physical origin of the Fresnel drag of light by a moving die." Institut f¨ur Experimentalphysik, Karl Franzens Universit¨at Graz, Universit¨atsplatz 5 A. Drude, P. (1922). 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J Opt Soc Am **46**(7): 514-527. Binocular visual space is, according to Luneburg, a hyperbolic space; two personal constants determine the geometry of subjective space of individual observers. Personal constants σ (the degree of depth perception) and K (the curvature of binocular space) were obtained by Luneburg’s 3 and 4 point tests and served as predictors for frontal plane horopter and alley experiments. In the result, the observed distances of the straight-line horopters agreed with values predicted within certain limits of confidence. The predictions concerning the shapes of concave and convex horopters and the shapes of alleys tended to hold in the case of observers of good depth perception and a relatively low absolute value of K. Three different alley experiments yielded values of personal constants agreeing with values obtained by the 3 and 4 point tests again only within certain limits of confidence. Good agreement with prediction for all observers was obtained from an alley experiment in which physiological and technical difficulties were reduced. While a study of the constancy of σ and improvement of experimental conditions are needed, the measure of agreement obtained in the experiments reported gives considerable support for the hypothesis that binocular visual space is metric and hyperbolic. Zook, S. (2014). "Hyperbolic Geometry and Binocular Visual Space." ![](../../Attachments/Re-examine%20the%20Two%20Princ-Wang-13-16%20March%202000%201%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Successful%20GPS%20Operations%20Contradict%20the-Wang%201%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Testing%20Relativity%20of%20Simultaneity-Peng-10_25%201%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/The%20GPS%20and%20the%20Constant%20Velocity-Marmet-01_01%201%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/THE%20SAGNAC%20EFFECT_IN_GPS%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/GPS%20and%20Relativity_%20An%20Engineering%20Ove-Fliegel%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/GPS%20and%20the%20One-Way%20Speed%20of%20Light-J.G%201%201%201%201.pdf) Aether Wind Sources: ![](../../Attachments/Physical%20Interpretation%20of%20the%20Fringe-Demjanov%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Re-examination%20of%20the%20Experimental%20Evid-Correa%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Test%20of%20the%20One-way%20Speed%20of%20Light-Wang-10_24%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/THE%20MEASURING%20OF%20ETHER-DRIFT%20VELOCITY%20AND%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/The%20Michelson-Gale%20Experiment%20%206%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/The%20Roland%20De%20Witte%20199-Cahill-August%2001,%202006%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/What%20and%20How%20the%20Michelson%20Interferom-Demjanov%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/On%20the%20Role%20of%20the%20Michelson–Morley-Van%20Dongen%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Measuring%20Ether-Drift%20Velocity%20and%20Kine-Galaev%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Michelson%20Interferometer%20Operating%20at-Demjanov%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Michelson-Gale%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Modified%20Sagnac%20Experiment%20fo-Ruyong-June%202003%202%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/On%20a%20Fringe%20Displacement%20of%20Fringes-A.%20Dufour%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/On%20the%20Relative%20Motion%20of%20the%20Earth-Michelson%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/Light%20Transmission%20and%20the%20Sagnac%20Effect%20on%20the%20Rotating%20Earth%202%201%201%201.pdf) ![](01_Files/APRExistenceoftheEther2018%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](01_Files/EINSTEIN'S%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) ![](../../Attachments/A%20Landmark%20Experiment_%20The%20Linear%20Sagn-Bennett%201%201.pdf) ![](01_Files/APPARENT%20WEIGHT%20OF%20PHOTONS%201%201%201%201%201.pdf) "The Michelson-Morley Experiment(s)." 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