##### From Dr. John Walsh
**"the comp exam stage is about demonstrating a thorough understanding of how literature relates to one another and what the implications are for those relationships to big public historical ideas (about knowledge, ethics, etc.) and practices (method, theory, "archive", etc.)."**
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### Summary:
This category is meant to provide a general overview of Byzantine Historiography and the development of the field (History, Archaeology and Numismatics). The goal is to identify gaps in knowledge transmission from Byzantine scholarship to public institutions, specifically museums.
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### Questions to Address:
Think of major Questions that needs to be addressed under this particular theme.
- Field Development (Historiography)
- Major Contributors
- Gaps in Methods and Theory
1) Where is most of Byzantine Scholarship produced?
a) What are the social, cultural and political influences affecting the creation of Byzantine scholarship? (This is where Stuart Hall may be applicable for method and theoretical approaches)
2) How should I discuss the development of Byzantine Identity within the field? Who are the Byzantines? How have they been defined?
3) How this scholarship has been received by its peers?
4) How are Byzantine overstrikes used to represent #Identity and [[Heritage]]?
5) How important is ethnic identity vs religious identity amoung the lower classes and the elite?
1) Would elite place religion above ethnicity/cultural identity or vice versa. ditto lower classes. ie provencial populations/subjects.
6) Who studied coins and how has this evoleved?
1) Art historians?
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### Links
[[Empire of Greeks to Byzantium]] [[Which Interdisciplinarity?]]
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### Bibliography
#### Byzantium History.
Aschenbrenner, Nathanael, and Jake Ransohoff, eds. _The Invention of Byzantium in Early Modern
Europe_. Extravagantes. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2021.
Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity, AD 150-750. New York ;: W.W. Norton, 1989.
Brubaker, Leslie., and John F. Haldon. Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680-850 : a History.
Cambridge ;: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Cameron, Averil. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395-600. 1st ed. London ;: Routledge, 1993.
Cameron, Averil., Hagit. Amirav, and R. B. ter. Haar Romeny. From Rome to Constantinople : *Studies
in Honour of Averil Cameron*. Leuven ;: Peeters, 2007.
Demacopoulos, George E.. _Colonizing Christianity : Greek and Latin Religious Identity in the Era of the Fourth Crusade_. New York: Fordham University Press, 2019.
Eger, A. Asa. *The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier : Interaction and Exchange Among Muslim and
Christian Communities*. London: I.B. Tauris, 2015.
--- *The Spaces Between the Teeth : a Gazetteer of Towns on the Islamic-Byzantine Frontier*. Second
edition. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları, 2016.
Haar Romeny, R. B. ter. *Religious Origins of Nations? the Christian Communities of the Middle
East*. Leiden ;: Brill, 2010.
Haldon, John F. Byzantium in the Seventh Century the Transformation of a Culture. Rev. ed.
Cambridge, UK ;: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
--- "Byzantium after 2000. Post-Millennial, but not Post-Modern?," in Sode, Claudia., Sarolta A. Takács, and Paul. Speck. Novum Millennium : Studies in Byzantine History and Culture : Dedicated to Paul Speck, 19 December 1999. Aldershot, England : Ashgate, 2001: 1-11.
--- “Res Publica Byzantina? State Formation and Issues of Identity in Medieval East Rome.” Byzantine and modern Greek studies 40, no. 1 (2016): 4–16.
Laiou, Angeliki E., Charalampos Bouras, and Dumbarton Oaks, eds. _The Economic History of
Byzantium: From the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century_. Dumbarton Oaks Studies 39. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
--- ‘Use and Circulation of Coins in the Despotate of Epiros’. _Dumbarton Oaks Papers_ 55 (2001): 207. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1291819](https://doi.org/10.2307/1291819).
Magdalino, Paul. “Forty Years on: The Political Ideology of the Byzantine Empire.” *Byzantine and
modern Greek studies* 40, no. 1 (2016): 17–26.
Mishkova, Diana. “The Afterlife of a Commonwealth: Narratives of Byzantium in the National
Historiographies of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania,” in *Entangled Histories of the Balkans*, 16:118–273, 2015.
Papalexandrou, Amy. ‘Conversing Hellenism: The Multiple Voices of a Byzantine Monument in Greece’. _Journal of Modern Greek Studies_ 19, no. 2 (2001): 237–54. [https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2001.0023](https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2001.0023).
Peacock, A. C. S., Bruno De Nicola, and Sara Nur Yildiz. *Islam and Christianity in Medieval Anatolia*.
Edited by A. C. S. (Andrew C. S.) Peacock, Bruno De Nicola, and Sara Nur Yildiz. Farnham, Surrey, England : Ashgate, 2015.
Shahîd, Irfan. _Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century_. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1995. [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/byzantium-and-the-arabs-in-the-sixth-century-v-1-p-1)
Stephenson, Paul, ed. _The Byzantine World_. The Routledge Worlds. London ; New York: Routledge, 2010.
Tannous, Jack. _The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and Simple Believers._ Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
Whittow, Mark. _The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025_. Berkeley; Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1996.
--- ‘Sources of Knowledge; Cultures of Recording’. _Past & Present_ 238, no. suppl_13 (1 November 2018): 45–87. [https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty028](https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty028).
---
#### Byzantine Archaeology and the application of Numismatics
Baker, Julian. _Coinage and Money in Medieval Greece 1200–1430_. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2020.
Bellinger, Alfred R. “The Coins and Byzantine Imperial Policy.” *Speculum* 31, no. 1 (1956): 70–81.
Bellinger, Alfred R., and Philip Grierson. _Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection._ Vol. 1, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library Collection, 1966.
Casey, P. J. *Understanding Ancient Coins : an Introduction for Archaeologists and Historians*.
London, England: B.T. Badsford Ltd., 1986.
Curta, Florin. ‘Horsemen in Forts or Peasants in Villages? Remarks on the Archaeology of Warfare in the 6th to 7th c. Balkans’. In _War and Warfare in Late Antiquity (2 Vol. Set)_, edited by Neil Christie and Alexander Sarantis, 809–50. Brill, 2013. [https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004252585_026](https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004252585_026).
--- ‘Coins, Forts and Commercial Exchanges in the Sixth- and Early Seventh-Century Balkans: COINS, FORTS AND COMMERCIAL EXCHANGES’. _Oxford Journal of Archaeology_ 36, no. 4 (November 2017): 439–54. [https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12123](https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12123).
Curta, F., and A. Gandila. ‘Hoards and Hoarding Patterns in the Early Byzantine Balkans’. _Dumbarton Oaks Papers_ 65–66 (2011): 45–111.
Curta, Florin, and Andrei Gandila. ‘Too Much Typology, Too Little History: A Critical Approach to the Classification and Interpretation of Cast Fibulae with Bent Stem’. _Archaeologica Bulgarica_ 15 (January 2011): 51–81.
Decker, Michael. ‘Frontier Settlement and Economy in the Byzantine East’. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 61 (2007): 217–67.
Eger, A. Asa. *The Archaeology of Medieval Islamic Frontiers from the Mediterranean to the Caspian
Sea*. Edited by A. Asa Eger. Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2019.
--- “(Re)Mapping Medieval Antioch: Urban Transformations from the Early Islamic to the Middle Byzantine Periods.” *Dumbarton Oaks Papers* 67 (2013): 95–134.
Gândilă, Andrei. “Reconciling the ‘step sisters’: early Byzantine numismatics, history and
archaeology.” *Byzantinische Zeitschrift* 111, no. 1 (2018): 103–134.
--- *Cultural Encounters on Byzantium’s Northern Frontier, c. AD 500-700 : Coins, Artifacts and
History*. Cambridge, United Kingdom ;: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Gândilă, Andrei. ‘Early Byzantine Coin Circulation in the Eastern Provinces: A Comparative Statistical Approach’, n.d., 76.
Georganteli, Eurydice S., and Ioanna N. Koukouni. “Designing Personalised Itineraries for Europe’s
Cultural Routes.” In *Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction*. Universal Access to Information and Knowledge, 693–704. Cham: Springer International Publishing, n.d.
Grierson, Philip. _Byzantine Coinage_. 2nd. ed. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1999.
Howgego, Christopher. *Ancient History from Coins*. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 1995.
Kriszta Kotsis. “Defining Female Authority in Eighth-Century Byzantium: The Numismatic Images
of the Empress Irene (797-802)1.” *Journal of late antiquity* 5, no. 1 (2012): 185–.
Morrisson, Cécile. ‘Coinage and Money in Byzantine Typika’. _Dumbarton Oaks Papers_ 56 (2002):
263–75. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1291865](https://doi.org/10.2307/1291865).
--- ‘The Emperor, the Saint, and the City: Coinage and Money in Thessalonike from the Thirteenth
to the Fifteenth Century’. _Dumbarton Oaks Papers_ 57 (2003): 173–203. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1291880](https://doi.org/10.2307/1291880)
--- ‘Coin Use in Byzantine Cities and Countryside (6th-15th Centuries): A Reassessment’, n.d., 11.
Motta, Rosa Maria. ‘Greek and Roman Coins of Tel Dor: A Study of Material Culture and Cultural
Identity’, n.d., 259.
Niewöhner, Philipp, and Philipp Niewöhner. The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia : from the End of Late Antiquity Until the Coming of the Turks. Edited by Philipp Niewöhner. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Parani, Maria. *Reconstructing the Reality of Images : Byzantine Material Culture and Religious Iconography (11th - 15th Centuries)*. Leiden;: BRILL, 2003.
Rautman, Marcus. 'Archaeology and Byzantine Studies'
Redford, Scott. “The Water of Life, the Vanity of Mortal Existence and a Penalty of 2,500 Denarii:
Thoughts on the Reuse of Classical and Byzantine Remains in Seljuk Cities.” In *Cities as Palimpsests?*, 1:85–. Oxbow Books, 2022.
Schulze, Ingrid. ‘Can We Believe What Is Written on the Coins? Enigmatic Die Links and Other Puzzles’, n.d., 22.
Sheedy, Kenneth A. *Numismatic Archaeology/archaeological Numismatics*. Vol. 75. Oxbow, 2017.
#### Byzantium, Identity, and Museums
The Routledge Handbook on Identity in Byzantium. (Stewart, Parnell, Whately, 2021)
Ćurčić, S.; St. Clair, A. (eds) (1986). *Byzantium at Princeton. Byzantine Art and Archaeology
at Princeton University = Exhibition Catalogue (Firestone Library, Princeton University, 1 August-26 October 1986)*. Princeton (NJ): Department of Art and Archaeology.
Curta, Florin. ‘Some Remarks on Ethnicity in Medieval Archaeology’. _Early Medieval Europe_ 15, no. 2 (2007): 159–85. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.00202.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.00202.x).
--- _The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, c. 500 to 1050: The Early Middle Ages_. The Edinburgh History of the Greeks. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011.
--- ‘Medieval Archaeology and Ethnicity: Where Are We?: Medieval Archaeology and Ethnicity’. _History Compass_ 9, no. 7 (July 2011): 537–48. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00787.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2011.00787.x).
--- ‘Ethnicity, Archaeology and Nationalism: Remarks on the Current State of Research’. _Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Historica_ 25, no. 1 (30 December 2021): 227–42. [https://doi.org/10.29302/auash.2021.25.1.11](https://doi.org/10.29302/auash.2021.25.1.11).
Gantner, Clemens, Cinzia Grifoni, Walter Pohl, and Marianne Pollheimer-Mohaupt.
*Transformations of Romanness : Early Medieval Regions and Identities*. Edited by Clemens Gantner, Cinzia Grifoni, Walter Pohl, and Marianne Pollheimer-Mohaupt. Berlin ;: De Gruyter,, 2018.
Innes, Matthew. “Historical Writing, Ethnicity, and National Identity: Medieval Europe and
Byzantium in Comparison,” in *The Oxford History of Historical Writing*, 2:539–575. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Kaldellis, Anthony. *Ethnography after Antiquity Foreign Lands and Peoples in Byzantine Literature*.
1st ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
--- *Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical
Tradition. Greek Culture in the Roman World*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511496356.
---*Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium* Cambridge; London: Harvard University Press,
[http://hup.degruyter.com/view/title/561042](http://hup.degruyter.com/view/title/561042).
Khrapunov, Nikita. _BYZANTIUM AND THE HERITAGE OF EUROPE: CONNECTING THE CULTURES_.
Accessed 23 June 2020. [https://www.academia.edu/](https://www.academia.edu/31309061/BYZANTIUM_AND_THE_HERITAGE_OF_EUROPE_CONNECTING_THE_CULTURES).
Lovino, F. (2020). “Byzantium on Display. Scholars, Collectors and Dealers at the Exposition
Internationale d’Art”. *Journal of the History of Collections*, 32(3), 509-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhz044
Peers, Glenn. _Animism, Materiality, and Museums: How Do Byzantine
Things Feel?_ Arc Humanities
Press, 2020. [https://doi-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/j.ctv22d4zb4.1](https://doi-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/j.ctv22d4zb4.1).
Pohl, Walter, Clemens Gantner, C. Grifoni, and Marianne Pollheimer-Mohaupt, eds. _Transformations of Romanness: Early Medieval Regions and Identities_. Millennium-Studien Zu Kultur Und Geschichte Des Ersten Jahrtausends n. Chr. = Millennium Studies in the Culture and History of the First Millennium C.E, volume 71. Berlin ; Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
Pohl, Walter, and Daniel Mahoney, eds. _Historiography and Identity IV: Writing History across Medieval Eurasia_. Vol. 30. Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. [https://doi.org/10.1484/M.CELAMA-EB.5.118670](https://doi.org/10.1484/M.CELAMA-EB.5.118670).
Pohl, Walter, and Mathias Mehofer. _Archaeology of Identity - Archäologie der Identität_. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2010. [https://doi.org/10.1553/0x0022e055](https://doi.org/10.1553/0x0022e055).
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes. ‘Entangling and Dis-Entangling the Networks of the Roman Empire of the East in the Early Medieval World, Fourth-Ninth Century CE’, n.d., 30. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362847978_Symploke_and_complexio_Entangling_and_Dis-Entangling_the_Networks_of_the_Roman_Empire_of_the_East_in_the_Early_Medieval_World_Fourth-Ninth_Century_CE_Entangling_and_Dis-Entangling_the_Networks_of_the_
Ricks, David, and Paul Magdalino. _Byzantium and the Modern Greek
Identity_. Great Britain: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 1998.
Stouraitis, Y. (2022). Is Byzantinism an Orientalism? Reflections on Byzantium’s constructed identities and debated ideologies. In Y. Stouraitis (Ed.), _Identities and Ideologies in the Medieval East Roman World_ (Edinburgh Byzantine Series). Edinburgh University Press.
---. “Identity as Ideology in the Empire That Would Not Die.” The Journal of European Economic History 46, no. 2 (2017): 129–137.
---‘Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium.’ Edited by Walter Pohl and Andre Gingrich. _Medieval Worlds_, Comparative Studies on Medieval Europe, 5 (2017).
--- “Migrating in the Medieval East Roman World, ca. 600–1204.” In Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone, 141–. BRILL, 2020.
--- ‘Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach’. _Byzantinische Zeitschrift_ 107, no. 1 (1 January 2014). [https://doi.org/10.1515/bz-2014-0009](https://doi.org/10.1515/bz-2014-0009).
--- *A Companion to the Byzantine Culture of War, ca. 300-1204.* Vol. 3. Boston: BRILL, 2018.
TAYLOR, TESS. “Imagining Byzantium.” _Southwest Review_ 96, no. 1 (2011): 74–82. [Jstor](http://www.jstor.org/stable/43473539).
Theodoropoulos, Panagiotis. “Did the Byzantines Call Themselves Byzantines? Elements of Eastern Roman Identity in the Imperial Discourse of the Seventh Century.” *Byzantine and modern Greek studies* 45, no. 1 (2021): 25–41.