### Microbiology A gram-negative rod, part of the *Enterobacteriaceae*. *[[Cronobacter]]* sakazakii was *[[Enterobacter]]* *sakazakii*. There are also *C*. *condimenti* (was found in spiced meat), *C*. *dublinensis*, *C*. *helveticus*, *C*. *malonaticus*, *C*. *muytjensii*, *C*. *pulveris*, *C*. *turicensis*, *C*. *universalis*, and *C*. *zurichensis*. ### Epidemiologic Risks Milk, both infant formula and the real deal from mom pumping [^1] as well as dry plant foods (spices and cereals), powdered milk, herbal teas, and starches. Also found in sewer water. Often isolated in preterm infants’ stool, even those not on formula, but not in as high concentrations. [^3] ### Syndromes [[Sepsis and Bacteremia]] and [[Meningitis]] in the neonates. [[Sepsis and Bacteremia]] in the old and infirm. ### Treatment Third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, and carbapenems are all effective. [^2] ### Rationalizations [^1]: Bowen A, Wiesenfeld HC, Kloesz JL, et al. Notes from the Field: _Cronobacter sakazakii_ Infection Associated with Feeding Extrinsically Contaminated Expressed Human Milk to a Premature Infant — Pennsylvania, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:761–762. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6628a5external icon](http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6628a5). [^2]: Lepuschitz S, Ruppitsch W, Pekard-Amenitsch S, et al. Multicenter Study of [[Cronobacter]] sakazakii Infections in Humans, Europe, 2017. _Emerging Infectious Diseases_. 2019;25(3):515-522. doi:10.3201/eid2503.181652. [^3]: Sukantha Chandrasekaran and others, Carriage of _Cronobacter sakazakii_ in the Very Preterm Infant Gut, _Clinical Infectious Diseases_, Volume 67, Issue 2, 15 July 2018, Pages 269–274, [https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy062](https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy062)