[Max Born](http://wikipedia.org/en/Max_Born) was a German physicist who made significant contributions to the fields of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. He was born on December 11, 1882, in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), and passed away on January 5, 1970, in Göttingen, Germany. Born came from a family of academics, and he initially pursued a degree in mathematics. However, he developed an interest in physics during his studies and eventually shifted his focus to that field. He completed his doctorate in 1907 under the supervision of Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Göttingen. After receiving his doctorate, Born worked at several institutions, including the University of Cambridge and the University of Göttingen. One of Born's most significant contributions to physics is his work on the foundations of quantum mechanics. In 1926, he formulated the [[Born Rule]], which relates the mathematical description of a quantum system (wave function) to the probabilities of obtaining specific measurement outcomes. The Born Rule has become a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics and is essential for understanding the probabilistic nature of quantum phenomena. Born's collaboration with Werner Heisenberg resulted in the development of matrix mechanics, one of the two major formulations of quantum mechanics, the other being wave mechanics formulated by Erwin Schrödinger. Matrix mechanics and wave mechanics were later shown to be equivalent. In 1933, Max Born, being of Jewish descent, was forced to leave Germany due to the rise of the Nazi regime. He moved to England, where he took a position at St. John's College, Cambridge, and continued his research in theoretical physics. During his time in England, he also collaborated with other prominent physicists, including Niels Bohr. In addition to his work in quantum mechanics, Born made significant contributions to solid-state physics, particularly in the study of crystals and lattice vibrations. He also contributed to the development of quantum field theory. For his groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics, Max Born was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954, which he shared with Walther Bothe. Born's work not only had a profound impact on the development of quantum mechanics but also laid the foundation for many subsequent advances in the field of theoretical physics. He is remembered as one of the leading figures in 20th-century physics and a key contributor to our understanding of the quantum world.