Meritocracy is a system in which advancement and rewards are distributed based on individual ability and achievement. It emphasises the importance of talent, hard work, and performance over factors such as class, race, or social connections. In a meritocratic society, positions and success are supposed to be earned through competition and personal effort, rather than inherited or assigned by status. This principle is often applied in educational and professional settings to promote fairness and efficiency. However, the effectiveness and fairness of meritocracy are subjects of ongoing debate, as systemic inequalities can affect individuals' opportunities to demonstrate merit.