[[Implementation Science Theories and Frameworks]] ## Overview of Social Cognitive Theory **Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)** emphasizes the dynamic interplay between personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior. It posits that individuals learn not only through direct experience but also by observing others, which is a key component of the theory. ### Key Constructs 1. **Observational Learning**: Bandura's Bobo Doll experiments demonstrated that children learn aggressive behaviors by watching adults. This process involves several steps: - **Attention**: The observer must pay attention to the model. - **Retention**: The observer must remember the behavior. - **Motor Reproduction**: The observer must be able to reproduce the behavior. - **Motivation**: The observer must have a reason to imitate the behavior[4]. 2. **Self-Efficacy**: A central concept in SCT, self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. Bandura identified four sources of self-efficacy: - **Mastery Experiences**: Successes build confidence; failures undermine it. - **Vicarious Experiences**: Observing others succeed can enhance beliefs in one's own abilities. - **Social Persuasion**: Encouragement from others can boost self-efficacy. - **Physiological and Affective States**: Emotional reactions can influence perceptions of self-efficacy[2][4]. 3. **Reciprocal Determinism**: This principle suggests that personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior all interact with each other. Changes in one can affect the others, creating a continuous cycle of influence[3]. ### Applications of Social Cognitive Theory SCT has been applied across various domains: - **Health Promotion**: SCT is utilized in designing interventions aimed at changing health-related behaviors by enhancing self-efficacy and observational learning[3]. - **Education and Training**: Educators use SCT principles to develop teaching strategies that encourage observational learning and boost student self-efficacy[4]. - **Career Development**: Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), derived from SCT, integrates contextual factors into career development models, emphasizing how personal beliefs and environmental contexts shape career choices[1][2]. ### Advantages and Challenges **Advantages**: - Provides a comprehensive framework that integrates psychological, social, and economic factors affecting behavior. - Offers practical applications for interventions in health, education, and career development[2]. **Challenges**: - Primarily relies on quantitative research methods, which may overlook qualitative insights into individual experiences and decision-making processes[2][3]. In summary, Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory offers a robust framework for understanding how behaviors are learned and influenced by both internal beliefs and external environments. Its applications span various fields, making it a versatile tool for promoting positive behavioral change. Citations: [1] https://marcr.net/marcr-for-career-professionals/career-theory/career-theories-and-theorists/social-cognitive-career-theory-scct/ [2] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9749854/ [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10070720/ [4] https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-cognitive-theory.html [5] https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/behavioralchangetheories5.html [6] https://www.learningeverest.com/social-cognitive-theory-of-albert-bandura/ [7] https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=isalt_resources [8] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and-finance/social-cognitive-theory ----- # Source : Social cognitive theory - A full summary and evaluation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yBICnk7DdA&t=4s&ab_channel=ThemanticEducation ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.21.20 PM.png]] ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.22.31 PM.png]] ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.23.37 PM.png]] - Main claim is that our behavior is influenced by social learning - (not just behaviorism or psychodynamic) What is Observational Learning? 1. Direct Experience 2. Observation of Others Four processes 1. Attention 2. Retention (remember it) 3. Motor Reproduction - repeat that behavior 4. Reinforcement and motivation (Reward the behavior increase change of learning) ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.26.17 PM.png]] ## Triadic Reciprocal Determinism - (abit like systemic perspective - context affect behavior, but individual change can also affect environment) ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.27.55 PM.png]] - Childhood affect gene expression affect behavior (aggression) Self Efficacy - (This is the PERSON factor from above) ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.29.11 PM.png]] ## Evidence - BoBo Doll #1 - Children learn from adults. if they are aggressive, child learn to be aggressive ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.30.36 PM.png]] ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.31.57 PM.png]] There is also gender difference to form of aggression - Bobo Doll #2 - aggression televised on TV https://www.themantic-education.com/ibpsych/2019/01/15/key-study-banduras-bobo-doll-1963/ ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.32.39 PM.png]] TRD - Dunedin Study (Caspi et al. 2002) (Example to show about the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism) - MAOA - L -- the gene associated with antisocial behavior Having the gene alone doesn’t lead to antisocial behavior, but if combined with experiences of abuse, it increases the likelihood. ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.34.55 PM.png]] Self-Efficacy and GPA (Ismail et al. 2017) ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.37.52 PM.png]] - High sense of efficacy influence behavior (How to help people increase sense of efficacy) ## Applications ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.39.09 PM.png]] ## Limitations - Always remember the flip side, or limitations - Are they other factors? anyway of explaining it? - Why some people copy others more quickly? - Can learning be easily transfer across context? ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.42.03 PM.png]] # DEAL framework to explain theories ![[Screenshot 2024-10-25 at 1.43.00 PM.png]]