[[PDF-6.pdf]] https://www.jmir.org/2012/3/e67/ Cited by 231 papers - [[Depression]] - [[Digital Phenotype Signals associated with Depression]] > [! Takeaway for me] > This is encouraging for me. Interventions that facilitate self-monitoring increase youth Emotional Self-Awareness, reducing depressive symptoms. # Introduction - Self-monitoring techniques to increase emotional self-awareness. - Increasing ESA is an essential first step in psychotherapy and can be therapeutic. - When people monitor themselves, it leads to positive changes. - Research focusing on momentary sampling techniques demonstrates that self-monitoring itself can lead to a change in behaviour and that changes are generally made in a favourable direction" - “Increasing awareness of emotions is an important therapeutic step in most psychotherapies for depression and other mental illnesses [32] by preparing individuals for changing their cognitions, beliefs, and schemas [33].” (Kauer et al., 2012, p. 3) - **in Early Interventions, interventions generally target the underlying mechanisms to change outcome. For example, CBT to change cognitive structure, and problem solving skills.** - "The contents of early intervention programs generally target a mechanism that predicts the outcome [30]. For example, cognitive–behavioral-based universal programs focus on cognitive restructuring and problem-solving skills training [31]," - This paper approach is intervention to raise "Emotional Self-Awareness", to get youth ready to learn more adaptive coping strategies This study focus on 1. Examining relationships between self-monitoring and depressive symptoms through the mechanism of ESA 1. Recognising emotions 2. Being able to identify emotions 3. Identifying contextual factors surrounding emotions 4. Communicating emotional states and associated factors to others and to themselves 5. Planning and making decision about how to cope with an emotional state. **Hypothesis** : - We hypothesized that self-monitoring mood, stress, and coping strategies would increase young people’s awareness of their emotions, which would lead to a decrease in their symptoms of depression. ## Mobiletype program - Random interviews in different time block. - Beep - they will complete a mobiletype entry - Intervention group, asked about - Current activity, stress, mood, alcohol use, cannabis use, sleep, diet, exercise - Comparison group asked about - Current activity, sleep, diet, exercise ## Outcome Measures Pretest, Postest, 6 week follow up questionnare - Depression anxiety stress scale - 21 item. - ESA scale (They adapted 33 items from the scales below) to cover areas of recognition, identification, communication, contextualisation, and decision making. - 20 item - self-reflection and insight scale. - 10 item ruminative response scale - 12 item - meta-evaluation scale - Rumination Response Scale. Monitoring period - 4 weeks? - Post test again 6 weeks and 6 months [](https://asset.jmir.pub/assets/2e1fb8ab95ef37bf0f296c7019102668.png "Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study process.") # Discussion - ==Supported the hypothesis that self-monitoring mood, stress, and coping strategies increases awareness of emotions. The second hypothesis that an increase in ESA would predict a decrease in depressive symptoms was also supported.== This study supports previous research suggesting that simple self-monitoring techniques effectively increase self-awareness, in this case, awareness of one’s own emotions (34, 36). Metacognitions, such as self-awareness, are developed during early adolescence [[Metacognition]] [[Self Awareness, Metacognition, Recovery]] - ==Our secondary hypothesis that the intervention program participants would have a decrease in rumination when compared with those in the comparison program was not supported==