**📅 Date:** ➤ ⌈[[2025-04-08-Tue〚Rapamycin as a Longevity Drug〛]]⌋ ⇩ 🅻🅸🅽🅺🆂 ⇩ **🏷️ Tags**: #🌿/LG **🗂 Menu**: ⌈[[✢ M O C ➣ 04 ⌈A P R - 2 0 2 5⌉ ✢|2025 - A P R- MOC]]⌋ ⌈[[✢ L O G ➢ 04 ⌈A P R - 2 0 2 5⌉ ✢|2025 - A P R - LOG]]⌋ #👾/Private ➤ ⌈[[Dr. Pankaj Kapahi’s - Longevity Research]]⌋ ---   ## 🔬 Discovery & Early Uses of Rapamycin ### 📅 1964 – Discovery on Easter Island 🏝️ - Rapamycin was first discovered in **soil samples from Easter Island (Rapa Nui)** by scientists looking for new antibiotics. - **Bacterium:** *Streptomyces hygroscopicus（潮生链霉菌）* produced **Rapamycin**, which initially showed antifungal properties. - The compound was named **"Rapamycin"** after Rapa Nui. - ![[Pasted image 20250323161956.png|#left|300]] ### 📅 1972 – Immunosuppressive Properties Identified - Early research showed that **Rapamycin inhibits cell growth**, leading to its classification as an **immunosuppressant**. - It was found to **block the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)**, a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. ### 📅 1999 – FDA Approves Rapamycin for Organ Transplantation - **Approved under the name "Sirolimus"** to prevent organ transplant rejection. - It is used mainly in **kidney transplant patients** to suppress the immune system. --- ## 🚀 Rapamycin’s Journey to Becoming a Longevity Drug ### 📅 2004 – mTOR & Aging Hypothesis - **Dr. David Sabatini (MIT)** identified **mTOR** as a **central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and aging**. - Scientists hypothesized that **suppressing mTOR could extend lifespan**, similar to the effects of **dietary restriction**. ### 📅 2004 – Dr. Pankaj Kapahi’s Research on TOR & Lifespan - **Paper:** [Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15186745/) - **Findings:** - Reduced **TOR signalling extended lifespan in fruit flies**. - Suggested that **mTOR inhibition mimics the effects of caloric restriction**. ### 📅 2009 – First Evidence of Rapamycin Extending Lifespan in Mammals - **Paper:** [Rapamycin extends lifespan in mice](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08221) - **Study by Richard A. Miller, Matt Kaeberlein & NIA ITP Program**. - **Findings:** - **Rapamycin extended the lifespan in mice** by 10–30%, even when given to old mice. - **First major evidence** that mTOR inhibition could be an anti-aging strategy. ### 📅 2012 – Further Longevity Studies in Mice - Studies confirmed that **Rapamycin slowed aging in multiple organs**, including: ✅ Brain 🧠 (reducing risk of neurodegeneration) ✅ Heart ❤️ (improving cardiovascular function) ✅ Metabolism 🔥 (preventing obesity & diabetes) --- ## 🔍 Rapamycin Usage in Longevity Science ### 📅 2014 – Dog Aging Project 🐶 - **Dr. Matt Kaeberlein & Daniel Promislow** launched the **Dog Aging Project**, testing **Rapamycin in pet dogs**. - **Early findings:** - Improved **heart function** in older dogs. - Possible **extension of healthspan** in dogs. ### 📅 2016 – Rapamycin & Human Trials Begin - **Dr. Joan Mannick (resTORbio)** conducted trials on **Rapamycin-based drugs in elderly humans**. - **Findings:** - Improved **immune function in older adults**. - Reduced **risk of infections**. ### 📅 2019 – Growing Interest in Rapamycin as an Anti-Aging Drug - Studies in **mice, flies, and worms** showed consistent lifespan extension. - **Peter Attia, David Sinclair, and longevity biohackers** started discussing personal use of Rapamycin. - **Biohacker communities** began experimenting with low-dose Rapamycin protocols. ### 📅 2020 – More Clinical Trials on Rapamycin & Aging - **Anti-aging startup companies** started developing safer Rapamycin analogs. - Trials focused on **dose optimization, safety, and long-term effects**. ### 📅 2023 – Rapamycin Becomes a Hot Longevity Topic - **Top scientists, biohackers, and investors** actively researching and discussing **Rapamycin-based longevity therapies**. - **Key advocates include:** - **Dr. Peter Attia** (The Drive Podcast) - **Dr. Matt Kaeberlein** (Dog Aging Project) - **Dr. Blagosklonny** (Rapamycin Theory of Aging) - **Dr. David Sinclair** (Harvard Aging Researcher) --- ## The Future of Rapamycin in Longevity ### 🔬 **What’s Next?** 🔹 **More human trials** to determine long-term safety. 🔹 **New rapamycin analogs** with fewer side effects. 🔹 **Combining Rapamycin with other longevity drugs** (e.g., Metformin, NAD+ boosters). 🔹 **Personalized dosing strategies** for longevity interventions.