**📅 Date:** ➤ ⌈ [[2025-05-09-Fri〚ATP 〛]]⌋ **💭 Note:** ➤ ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced through various cellular processes, primarily via cellular respiration and other metabolic pathways, to provide the energy necessary for cellular activities. The main mechanisms of ATP production include ==glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation== ⇩ 🅻🅸🅽🅺🆂 ⇩ **🏷️ Tags**: #🧬/Biology **🗂 Menu**: ⌈[[✢ M O C ➣ 05 ⌈M A Y - 2 0 2 5⌉ ✢|2025 - M A Y- MOC]]⌋ ⌈[[✢ L O G ➢ 05 ⌈M A Y - 2 0 2 5⌉ ✢|2025 - M A Y - LOG]]⌋ #👾/Private ➤ ⌈[[🧬 Rigor Mortis-What Happens to Muscles After Death (👨‍🦲 & 🐵)]]⌋ ➤ ⌈[[ATP Production – Cellular Energy Generation]]⌋ ➤ ⌈[[Nysten's Rule (尸僵顺序规律)]]⌋ --- ## I. Abstract ![[Pasted image 20250527004341.png]] ### 🔷 What is ATP? - **ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)** is the **primary energy currency** of the cell. - Used to power biochemical reactions: muscle contraction, nerve impulses, biosynthesis, active transport, etc. - Composed of: **adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate groups**. ### 🔷 How is ATP Produced? #### 1. **Glycolysis (Anaerobic)** - **Location:** Cytoplasm - **Process:** Glucose → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH - **Oxygen required?** ❌ No - **Net Gain:** 2 ATP per glucose - **Used when?** Short bursts of energy; low oxygen environments. --- #### 2. **Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)** - **Location:** Mitochondrial matrix - **Input:** Acetyl-CoA from pyruvate - **Output per cycle:** 1 ATP (GTP), 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂ - **CO₂ is released as waste.** - **Oxygen required?** ✅ Indirectly (ETC depends on it) --- #### 3. **Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain + Chemiosmosis)** - **Location:** Inner mitochondrial membrane - **Uses:** NADH & FADH₂ from glycolysis and Krebs cycle - **Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.** - **Produces:** ~26–34 ATP per glucose molecule - **Most efficient stage** --- ### 🔷 Total ATP Yield from 1 Glucose: | **Stage** | **ATP Yield (Approx.)** | |-----------------------|-------------------------| | Glycolysis | 2 | | Krebs Cycle | 2 | | Oxidative Phosphorylation | 26–34 | | **Total** | **~30–38 ATP** | --- ## II. Relevance to Longevity & Brain Function - **Neurons** rely heavily on ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. - **Mitochondrial health** = efficient ATP production = cognitive clarity, less fatigue. - Impaired ATP production is linked to neurodegeneration and age-related decline. --- > 🧠 _“Life is powered by ATP — without it, the dance of biology would fall still.”_