A couple of weeks before I moved from Keene New Hampshire to Bemidji in July 2012, I made a trip over to the Franklin County Courthouse in Greenfield Massachusetts, to see if they had any documents in their Probate Office on the families I had been researching.  I should have done this a long time ago, but I had never managed to get around to it.  When it was immanent that I was leaving the area, I had to get over there or lose the chance.  It was worth the trip.  Although it _is_ a courthouse, so you’re going to see people in shackles and you have to empty your pockets and go through a metal detector, the Probate people were very nice and helpful.  They were very focused on the present in their day-to-day work, of course.  But they seemed to like it when historians come and show interest in the old documents they have stored away in the vaults.  And there’s gold in those vaults. I found wills and estate inventories for several of the people I was researching.  Most importantly, I found a big folder for Dr. Charles [[Knowlton]], including the will and estate inventory, an inventory of items sold at the estate sale (and to whom they were sold!), and guardianship papers and accounts for the minor children Knowlton had left behind.  You can learn a lot about your subject from these types of documents. Who were his friends? Whom did he trust to look after his children? Who owed him money?   One of the most interesting things for me, so far at least, was the inventory. It lists everything from horses and buggies (how did he get around when seeing patients?) to featherbeds and mustard spoons (what did the house and furnishings look like?). The list of medical devices was surprising, and suggests (I would need to check with a historian of medicine to be sure) that Knowlton was at the cutting edge of his profession. And then there are the books. By cross-referencing between the inventory and the estate sale documents, I think I managed to identify nearly all of the books in Charles Knowlton’s library. The majority of them were medical texts, as I had expected. There were 72 titles I was able to identify, but many of them contained multiple volumes (the largest being Braithwaite with 18), so the actual count was easily over a hundred books. This seems like quite a large collection for a country doctor. And interestingly, they were not all dated to the period when Knowlton was studying medicine (the mid-1820s). Several of them were nearly brand new at the time of his death (1850), which again validates the idea that Knowlton was working hard to stay up to date on the very latest procedures and techniques. In addition to the books, he subscribed to several regional and national medical journals – to one of which, [_The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal_](http://books.google.com/books?id=XrIEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:oNqKbw1bHakC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d230T_iDNaWJ6wH0vODmBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false), he was a regular contributor.   Collecting this information was not a trivial task: the inventory was a five-foot long roll of paper, and the titles were never complete. In about half a dozen cases, I was not able to decode the script, or there was no title or author I could find that matched what I seemed to be seeing. But I feel pretty good about getting all but 6 of about 150 titles -- that’s 96%! Here’s an example of the inventory: ![[IMG_0313.jpg]] I don’t know enough yet about these medical texts to say whether this collection represents a particular medical point of view, but I noticed there are a lot of anatomy texts and a lot of texts on treating women. This makes sense, given Knowlton’s interest in birth control, women’s health, and women’s rights in general. Interestingly, one of the books in what I’m calling the Freethought section of his library is Mary Wollstonecraft’s [_A Vindication of the Rights of Woman_](http://books.google.com/books?id=hxwEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=rights+of+women+wollstonecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nbn0T46eG-i26wHo8onZBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=rights%20of%20women%20wollstonecraft&f=false). Which brings us to the non-medical portion of the collection. The general library contained 28 titles, many of which (such as [_Peregrine Pickle_](http://books.google.com/books?id=hAsUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:HoJBqiYIoykC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TML0T7iDO4Lq6wHZ8cSABw&ved=0CEYQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=editions%3AHoJBqiYIoykC&f=false)) were probably books used in the education of the Knowltons’ three children or for family entertainment. The Freethought library, in contrast, contained 44 titles. I’m making value judgments here, assigning texts to one category or another. Clearly, Knowlton’s medicine was influenced by his philosophy. And clearly, even a book like Noah Webster’s [_An American Dictionary of the English Language_](http://books.google.com/books?id=xGIPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR4&dq=noah+webster+dictionary+1828&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PDj0T_alJ4no6wHmuY3JBg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false) could be political. But also obviously, the Thomas Paine texts belong in Freethought, as do the histories of religion and books like Paley’s [_Natural Theology_](http://books.google.com/books?id=4CMUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA465&dq=paley's+evidence&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kbX0T7W0Fobp6wG9zqn1Bg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=paley's%20evidence&f=false) (Knowlton liked to understand the other position and to anticipate his opponent’s argument in debate). And I’ve also put [_Democracy in America_](http://books.google.com/books?id=inSGAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:g4Vewby7RZkC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8b0T_CeMIfm0QGYwPHdBg&ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3Ag4Vewby7RZkC&f=false) and Weld’s [_American Slavery As it Is_](http://books.google.com/books?id=bSITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=slavery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Kp70T6fjJKnm0QGFwqmLBw&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=slavery&f=false) in this section, because I think Freethought was very political for Knowlton, and his ideas about America were tightly bound to this perspective.   Charles Knowlton died in 1850, so of course we don’t see one of the foundational texts of contemporary secularism, [[Darwin]]’s [_On the Origin of Species_](http://books.google.com/books?id=WW8qAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=on+the+origin+of+species&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cPH1T5iACOrh0QGo2dT9Bg&ved=0CEQQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&q=on%20the%20origin%20of%20species&f=false), which although it was probably locked in its author's desk drawer, didn't see the light of day until 1859. Robert [[Chambers]]’ [_Vestiges of The Natural History of Creation_](http://books.google.com/books?id=H9cDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:lhqAVUkvwHIC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zbz0T7fuFsiR6wGlq7nRBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3AlhqAVUkvwHIC&f=false), however, was right where it ought to be on Knowlton’s shelf. This is remarkable and it demonstrates not only Charles Knowlton’s incredible coolness, but that if anything, James Secord underestimated the importance of Chambers’ anticipation of Darwin’s theory of evolution in his book, [_Victorian Sensation_](http://www.amazon.com/Victorian-Sensation-Extraordinary-Publication-Authorship/dp/0226744116/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1341513190&sr=8-1&keywords=victorian+sensation+the+extraordinary+publication). Since Knowlton was well-known as both a physician and a freethinker, students of early American medicine or of freethought would do well to study what he thought worth adding to his library. Okay then!  Without further ado, here are the books:   Oh, wait!  One more thing:  The dates below represent the first publication dates of these works, not necessarily the editions Charles Knowlton owned -- which of course we’d have no way of knowing. Many of these titles were regularly revised and updated. Similarly, the links do not necessarily represent the earliest edition or the edition Knowlton owned.   **Medical:** John Abercrombie, [_Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord_](http://books.google.com/books?id=AH8_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Abercrombie+on+Brain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7oD0T5eeJur56wGX19zVBg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Abercrombie%20on%20Brain&f=false), 1829 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, Philadelphia, [_The American Journal of the Medical Sciences_](http://books.google.com/books?id=adAHAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:tdtwIL8tf34C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mpL0T5KxFKv26gHis9ToBg&ved=0CFwQ6wEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false), (1830s-60s) Joseph Ayre, [_Practical Observations on the Nature and Treatment of Marasmus, and of those Disorders Allied to It, which May Strictly be Called Bilious_](http://archive.org/details/65840030R.nlm.nih.gov), 1822 Matthew Baillie, [_The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body_](http://books.google.com/books?id=AE8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA13&dq=baillie+morbid+anatomy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oHn0T5isH8W_6AGcvZHLBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=baillie%20morbid%20anatomy&f=false), 1793 Thomas Beddoes, _Manual of Health_, 1806 Charles Bell, [_The Anatomy of the Human Body_](http://books.google.com/books?id=uF4QAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP1&dq=editions:bxamXUMeLI0C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z6X1T5atIMPc6wGusqHhBg&ved=0CFQQ6wEwBA#v=onepage&q=editions%3AbxamXUMeLI0C&f=false), 1803 John Bell, [_Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds_](http://archive.org/details/discoursesonnatu1812bell), 1795 J. Frederick Blumenbach, _The Institutions of Physiology_, 1795 [_The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal_](http://books.google.com/books?id=XrIEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:oNqKbw1bHakC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d230T_iDNaWJ6wH0vODmBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) W. Braithwaite_,_ [_The Retrospect of Practical Medicine and Surgery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=N7q83qdqGa8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:RSUZ2JQm5VwC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DWn0T4yCDoWB6gHd1PDTBg&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false) (a biennial journal), 1840-50 Amariah Brigham, [_A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera_](http://archive.org/details/treatiseonepidem00brig), 1832 F. J. V. Broussais, [_Conversations on the Theory and Practice of Physiological Medicine_](http://archive.org/stream/conversationson00brougoog#page/n4/mode/2up), 1825 But it might also be Alphonse Broussais, _Self Preservation: Or, Sexuality Revealed: Being Facts of Vital Importance to the Married and Unmarried…_, 1843 Thomas Brown, [_Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind_](http://books.google.com/books?id=fGYdAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA471&dq=browns+philosophy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EZP0T7roHKbq6gGq7r28Bg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=browns%20philosophy&f=false), 1826 John Burns, T.C. James, _T_[_he Principles of Midwifery; Including the Diseases of Women and Children_](http://archive.org/stream/67170860R.nlm.nih.gov/67170860R#page/n3/mode/2up), 1817 Charles Caldwell, [_Facts in Mesmerism, and Thoughts on its Causes and Uses_](http://books.google.com/books?id=nEPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=facts+in+mesmerism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rrv0T5HRAunl0gHg-J27Bg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=facts%20in%20mesmerism&f=false), 1842 N. Chapman, [_Elements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ToBVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=nathaniel+Chapman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2zn0T7bAI4br6wHhpbHpBg&ved=0CDUQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=nathaniel%20Chapman&f=false), 1822 J. Chitty, [_A Practical Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence_](http://books.google.com/books?id=7H0xAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=chitty+medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hjv0T5WABYf-6gGxu6XwBg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=chitty%20medicine&f=false), 1834 Colombat de L’Isere, Charles Meigs trans., [_A Treatise on the Diseases and Special Hygiene of Females_](http://archive.org/details/treatiseondiseas00colo), 1845 Astley Cooper, [_A Treatise on Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints_](http://books.google.com/books?id=8pLIp32TDBkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cooper+joints&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6jz0T4_ELcrb6wH0r6jIBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cooper%20joints&f=false), 1823 Astley Cooper and Richard Rowland, articles on disease in _Medical and Surgical Monographs_, 1838-40 Samuel Cooper, [_A Dictionary of Practical Surgery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=Z2o8AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:03pV_XGSNSkC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YID0T9fXNIbW6wGgiZnTBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1809 Samuel Cooper, [_The First Lines of the Practice of Surgery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=MTpFAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:IEjXPwSKWbgC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cYL0T6iMDYLc6wHi6YnWBg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1815 James Copland, [_A Dictionary of Practical Medicine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=3MYRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=copland+medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=j2n0T73NAsq26wH07LXfBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=copland%20medicine&f=false), 1834 William P. Dewees, [_A Compendious System of Midwifery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=h-YGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=dewees+midwifery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fc30T8G-Lumm6gH4o9C8Bg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dewees%20midwifery&f=false), 1825 William P. Dewees, [_A Treatise on the Diseases of Females_](http://books.google.com/books?id=WjstTVeXZpgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:YqduKgQEXJcC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-IL0T_WyIMTb6wHnufTlBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1826 Robert Druitt, [_The Principles and Practice of Modern Surgery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=-bjDTyCHetAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=druitt+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M4H0T-DNNcq16wHR8onGBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=druitt%20surgery&f=false), 1847 A. J. B. Parent Duchatelet, [_Prostitution in Paris, Considered Morally, Politically, and Medically_](http://books.google.com/books?id=xGAvAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=prostitution+in+paris&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Irf0T_XxGsnr6wGstIXpBg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=prostitution%20in%20paris&f=false), 1845 Robley Dunglison, [_American Medical Library_](http://books.google.com/books?id=HaBQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:kHqWsJXJNrQC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W4P0T_LLM6az6wGSpenDBg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1837 Robley Dunglison, [_Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=EugRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Practical+Medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8Dj0T8HWCKOO6AHuh7XzBg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Practical%20Medicine&f=false), 1845 Robley Dunglison, [_Human Physiology_](http://books.google.com/books?id=dDxx2F92BHkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:_Fx3tLjxGDsC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EIb0T_LPMsLc6wGr5eHIBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1832 Robley Dunglison, [_Medical Lexicon: A Dictionary of Medical Science_](http://books.google.com/books?id=c5Y-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA821&dq=durglison+dictionary&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_nb0T6r9HpOK6gHdutDpBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=durglison%20dictionary&f=false), 1842 Robley Dunglison, [_New Remedies: The Method of Preparing and Administering Them; their Effects on the Healthy and Diseased Economy, &c._](http://books.google.com/books?id=qgtVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=dunglison+new+remedies&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MXz0T4rWAoHH6wGsy5noBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dunglison%20new%20remedies&f=false), 1839 Guillaume Dupuytren, [_Clinical Lectures on Surgery_](http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oDUSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=dupuytren+surgery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qJD0T5uXBIbZ6wH6iPXzBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=dupuytren%20surgery&f=false), 1832 Lewis Durlacher, [_A Treatise on Corns, Bunions, the Diseases of the Nails, and the General Management of the Feet_](http://books.google.com/books?id=2lxJAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=on+corns&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c7b0T_KBEcGn6wH_2fHSBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=on%20corns&f=false), 1845 John Eberle, [_A Treatise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics_](http://books.google.com/books?id=M1USAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&dq=editions:7_ZnYLGqQ2AC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rc70T_-JJuLq0gHCprD7Bg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3A7_ZnYLGqQ2AC&f=false), (2 vols) 1830 John Eberle, [_A Treatise on the Practice of Medicine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=jFwSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7&dq=eberle+practice&hl=en&sa=X&ei=znv0T9rgKYjb6wH9i63ABg&ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=eberle%20practice&f=false), 1830 (2 vols) R.T. Evanson, H. Maunsell, [_A Practical treatise on the Management and Diseases of Children_](http://books.google.com/books?id=G20SAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=evanson+maunsell&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CYX0T9HLLeaY6AGihKzJBg&ved=0CDkQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=evanson%20maunsell&f=false), 1838 O. S. Fowler, [_Love and Parentage, Applied to the Improvement of Offspring_](http://books.google.com/books?id=3lAqAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:4o9pX3yLe1AC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d630T_mJDaTG6gG6uKDzBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3A4o9pX3yLe1AC&f=false), 1846 Robert Gooch, [_An Account of Some of the Most Important Diseases Peculiar to Women_](http://books.google.com/books?id=SJ1Oi3SBZJcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=gooch+females&hl=en&sa=X&ei=X3r0T-euEOW26wG2hcXLBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=gooch%20females&f=false), 1829 T.M. Greenhow, [_An Estimate of the True Value of Vaccination as a Security Against Small Pox_](http://books.google.com/books?id=Rt4GAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=greenhow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NGv0T82gA5PC6gHZraS-Bg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=greenhow&f=false), 1825 George Gregory, [_Treatise on The Theory and Practice of Physic_](http://books.google.com/books?id=w5NTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP11&dq=gregory's+practice&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DJj0T6jBI6q36wHN36TuBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=gregory's%20practice&f=false), 1826 Horace Green, [_A Treatise on Diseases of the Air Passages_](http://books.google.com/books?id=iTUAAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=horace+green&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VTr0T9eXJMnL6wHTx-nqBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=horace%20green&f=false), 1846 Samuel D. Gross, [_The Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Bones and Joints_](http://archive.org/stream/anatomyphysiolog00gros#page/n5/mode/2up http://archive.org/stream/anatomyphysiolog00gros#page/n5/mode/2up http://archive.org/stream/anatomyphysiolog00gros#page/n5/mode/2up http://archive.org/stream/anatomyphysiolog00gros#page/n5/mode/2up), 1830 Marshall Hall, [_On Diagnosis_](http://books.google.com/books?id=QWsUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hall+diagnosis&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Es_0T52DCsLu0gGoiLnvBg&ved=0CDYQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=hall%20diagnosis&f=false), 1817 John Harrison, [_An Essay Towards a Correct Theory of the Nervous System_](http://archive.org/stream/66210370R.nlm.nih.gov/66210370R#page/n3/mode/2up), 1844 William Lawrence, [_A Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye_](http://books.google.com/books?id=VfZUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Sir+William+Lawrence%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DaL1T9vpK4jc6wH-6-TOBg&ved=0CEMQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1830 Charles Lee, [_A Dictionary of Practical Medicine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=RbMRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Practical+Medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8Dj0T8HWCKOO6AHuh7XzBg&ved=0CE4Q6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=Practical%20Medicine&f=false), 1834 John Macculloch, [_An Essay on the Remittent and Intermittent Diseases, Including, Generally, Marsh Fever and Neuralgia_](http://books.google.com/books?id=qnEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=macculloch+fever&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fqn1T6HtFse30AG589GOBw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=macculloch%20fever&f=false), 1828 R. Marsh, _The Animal Magnetizer: Or History, Phenomena and Curative Effects of Animal Magnetism; With instructions for Conducting the Magnetic Operation_, 1840s Jacques Maygrier, A_tlas of Gynaecology and Obstetrics_, 1822 not available online, but possibly similar to this, which is sometimes credited to Martin and Maygrier [_The Medical Recorder of Original Papers and Intelligence_](http://books.google.com/books?id=5TOgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:v03yeGCnngAC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nJH0T7D5NLHU6QHrqu34Bg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false)_,_ Philadelphia, 1816-26 John Ayrton Paris, [_Elements of Medical Chemistry_](http://books.google.com/books?id=jekGAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=paris+chemistry&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BpH0T-fWFYea6QH9uOm-Bg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=paris%20chemistry&f=false), 1825 A. P. W. Philip, [_A Treatise on the More Obscure Affections of the Brain on which the Nature and Successful Treatment of many Chronic Diseases Depend_](http://books.google.com/books?id=DAs4AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=philip+chronic+diseases&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TZ_0T8-WD4bh0QGbxryFBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=philip%20chronic%20diseases&f=false), 1835 William Prout, Samuel Colhoun, [_An Inquiry Into the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes, Calculus, and Other Affections of the Urinary Organs_](http://archive.org/details/aninquiryintona00prougoog), 1826 William Prout, [_On the Nature and Treatment of Stomach and Urinary Diseases_](http://books.google.com/books?id=mqsSAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=prout+stomach&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t3r0T6W0Fobp6wG9zqn1Bg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=prout%20stomach&f=false), 1840 W. H. Ranking, _The Half-Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences_, 1845-73, for example P. Rayer, W. B. Dickinson trans., [_Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, Founded on New Researches in Pathological anatomy and Physiology_](http://archive.org/details/67460620R.nlm.nih.gov), 1833 Possibly [_Reports and Other Documents Relating to the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester Mass_](http://books.google.com/books?id=Hk5VFY0wcjYC&pg=PA3&dq=lunatic+report+massachusetts&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Nmr0T6zXFuGE6AHSuZXSBg&ved=0CFIQ6wEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=lunatic%20report%20massachusetts&f=false), 1837 William Stokes, John Bell, [_Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Physic_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZGAXAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=stokes+bells+practice&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zc70T_PJOq6M6QGiwOzSBg&ved=0CDwQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q=stokes%20bells%20practice&f=false), 1842 J. G. Spurzheim, [_The Anatomy of the Brain, with a General View of the Nervous System_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZLt_zM3CR7QC&printsec=frontcover&dq=spurzheim+brain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8Mf0T8KBFIrs0gH9uaDDBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=spurzheim%20brain&f=false), 1826 J. G. Spurzheim, [_Education: Its Elementary Principles, founded on the Nature of Man_](http://books.google.com/books?id=UrwpAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:4h5pAF4HW04C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EL70T9zKBeKa0QGvspzWBg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3A4h5pAF4HW04C&f=false), 1847 J. G. Spurzheim, [_Observations on the Deranged Manifestations of the Mind; or, Insanity_](http://books.google.com/books?id=RFYXAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=spurzheim+insanity&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qcf0T63kMKPV0QHw7I3NBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=spurzheim%20insanity&f=false), 1836 J. G. Spurzheim, [_Phrenology_](http://books.google.com/books?id=86wRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=spurzheim+physiognomy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mpP0T5WlBcfX6wHxhaXXBg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=spurzheim%20physiognomy&f=false), 1826 J. G. Spurzheim, [_The Physiognomical System_](http://books.google.com/books?id=AyQ7AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA252&dq=spurzheim+physiognomy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mpP0T5WlBcfX6wHxhaXXBg&ved=0CGkQ6wEwCA#v=onepage&q=spurzheim%20physiognomy&f=false), 1815 Dugald Stewart, [_Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind_](http://books.google.com/books?id=3LE8AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:683CGnH-Tq4C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qqf0T7_ZBPCf6QGHnrT9Bg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=editions%3A683CGnH-Tq4C&f=false), 1813 S. A. Tissot, [_Onania; or a Treatise upon the Disorders Produced by Masturbation_](http://archive.org/details/57110430R.nlm.nih.gov), 1758 William Tully, Thomas Miner, [_Essays on Fevers and Other Medical Subjects_](http://books.google.com/books?id=dJY-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=tully+fevers&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cIX0T9brLcWi6gGK6tXSBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tully%20fevers&f=false), 1823 Alfred A.L.M. Velpeau, wrote extensively on midwifery and diseases of the breasts, 1830s-60s.  Also wrote on surgical anatomy 1830s. Rudolph Wagner, [_Elements of the Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate Animals_](http://books.google.com/books?id=NH9JAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=wagner+anatomy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hn70T4qrBq7z6wHf1PnLBg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=wagner%20anatomy&f=false), 1845 Alexander Walker, [_Intermarriage; or The Mode in Which, and Causes Why, Beauty, Health, and Intellect Result from Certain Unions, and Deformity, Disease, and Insanity from Others_](http://books.google.com/books?id=MGUEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP2&dq=editions:093q_BGtxj8C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SLL0T8uTOufH0QH8m4zuBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1839 Thomas Watson, [_Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Physic_](http://books.google.com/books?id=xW8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=watsons+practice&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5cz0T6OaNIK56wGu-uTdBg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=watsons%20practice&f=false), 1845 Caspar Wistar, [_A System of Anatomy for the Use of Students of Medicine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=jOsvAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA232&dq=wistar+anatomy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NX_0T-2DPaSm6wGG2ZncBg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=wistar%20anatomy&f=false), 1811 (2 vols) William Youatt, [_Every Man His Own Cattle Doctor_](http://books.google.com/books?id=IvwOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA111&dq=youatt+medicine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Q2f0T43pH6fb6wGhwPHrBg&sqi=2&ved=0CHQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=youatt%20medicine&f=false), 1832 **Freethought:** F. W. Adams, [_Theological Criticisms: or Hints of the Philosophy of Man and Nature in Six Lectures_](http://books.google.com/books?id=_Ms-AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=theological+criticisms&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-KP0T67kF6PK6wGh6vnBBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=theological%20criticisms&f=false), 1843 Aaron Bancroft, [_The Life of George Washington_](http://books.google.com/books?id=tQpZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:OA6_eYcEzbUC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DcP0T-3KKYnW6wHo8pHiBg&ved=0CD0Q6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3AOA6_eYcEzbUC&f=false), 1826 Paul Brown, [_The Radical: and Advocate of Equality_](http://books.google.com/books?id=a1sWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=radical&hl=en&sa=X&ei=f6X0T4eaOKGm6wHW6qXhBg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=radical&f=false), 1834 Orestes A. Brownson, [_Charles Elwood: or the Infidel Converted_](http://books.google.com/books?id=AluTEkMk2HIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=charles+elwood&hl=en&sa=X&ei=u6D0T9TcH6nq6wHag4HmBg&ved=0CDkQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=charles%20elwood&f=false), 1840 Gilbert Burnett, [_A History of the Reformation of the Church of England_](http://books.google.com/books?id=FVw-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:Tct2ASlvK3IC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AMH0T9fBAsax6AH2jpTBBg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3ATct2ASlvK3IC&f=false), 1690 George Bush, [_The Soul; or, An Inquiry into Scriptural Psychology_](http://books.google.com/books?id=svayhvp4E8wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:FWC7ZvG_j2cC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zbL0T7qMKemh6wGs1_X_Bg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3AFWC7ZvG_j2cC&f=false), 1845 Joseph Butler, [_The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature_](http://books.google.com/books?id=fpwNAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:u-k1mFWvJHEC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BLz0T8HLNuTF6wHs46DuBg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=editions%3Au-k1mFWvJHEC&f=false), 1824 Robert Chambers, [_Vestiges of The Natural History of Creation_](http://books.google.com/books?id=H9cDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:lhqAVUkvwHIC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zbz0T7fuFsiR6wGlq7nRBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3AlhqAVUkvwHIC&f=false), 1844 Joseph Coe, [_The True American_](http://books.google.com/books?id=G2kUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=true+american&hl=en&sa=X&ei=15f1T_LwNYTi0QHmtNjABg&ved=0CDkQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=true%20american&f=false), 1840 George Combe, [_The Constitution of Man Considered in Relation to External Objects_](http://books.google.com/books?id=HLYRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=combe+constitution&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rqz0T7myO4im6AGm8_nxBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=combe%20constitution&f=false), 1828 Thomas Cooper, [_A Treatise on the Law of Libel and the Liberty of the Press_](http://books.google.com/books?id=GQYK_jtWUyEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=cooper+libel&hl=en&sa=X&ei=36r0T-rUAuir0AGpstW8Bg&ved=0CDwQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=cooper%20libel&f=false), 1830 Rodolphus Dickinson, [_A New and Corrected Version of the New Testament; or, A Minute Revision, and Professed Translation of the Original Histories, Memoirs, Letters, Prophecies, and Other Productions of the Evangelists and Apostles; to which are Subjoined a Few, Generally Brief, Critical, Explanatory, and Practical Notes_](http://archive.org/details/cu31924029309774), 1833 John Fellows, [_An Exposition of the Mysteries, or Religious Dogmas and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Pythagoreans, and Druids.  Also: An Inquiry into the Origin, History, and Purport of Freemasonry_](http://books.google.com/books?id=_R4ZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA248&dq=fellows+ancient+mysteries&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A9H0T8WzOujG0QGxvb29Bg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=fellows%20ancient%20mysteries&f=false), 1835 _Female Education: Tendencies and Principles Embraced, and the System Adopted in the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary_, 1839 John Mason Good, [_The Book of Nature_](http://books.google.com/books?id=QcpLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1&dq=editions:p0fC7rF38FkC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7JT0T4e-OY_l6gHa7PD6Bg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1828 Probably Thomas Hertell, _A Layman’s Apology for the Appointment of Clerical Chaplains by the Legislature of New York_, 1834 Paul Henry Thiry Holbach, [_The System of Nature; or, the Laws of the Moral and Physical World_](http://books.google.com/books?id=8h1dAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=system+of+nature&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BY70T_XxEqeS6wHertjbBg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=system%20of%20nature&f=false), 1795 George Houston, [_The Correspondent_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ZyYXAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=correspondent&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xqr0T7zwKceL6gHbr-yrBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=correspondent&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ZyYXAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=correspondent&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xqr0T7zwKceL6gHbr-yrBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=correspondent&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ZyYXAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=correspondent&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xqr0T7zwKceL6gHbr-yrBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=correspondent&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=ZyYXAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=correspondent&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xqr0T7zwKceL6gHbr-yrBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=correspondent&f=false), 1827-9 periodical David Hume, [_Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects_](http://books.google.com/books?id=1Q9PAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hume+essays&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OHX0T7zvM4jH6wGiqNX5Bg&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=hume%20essays&f=false), 1758 [_The Works of Flavius Josephus_](http://archive.org/details/worksofflaviusjo1873jose) _volume 1_, translated by William Whiston before 1752 Joseph C. Lovejoy, [_Memoir of Rev. Charles T. Torrey_](http://books.google.com/books?id=a80LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA343&dq=memoirs+of+torrey&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wbT0T_LENsXH6wH4r_H-Bg&ved=0CG0Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=memoirs%20of%20torrey&f=false), 1847 Harriet Martineau, “A Manchester Strike,” [_Illustrations of Political Economy volume III_](http://books.google.com/books?id=BG0kAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:fA1isLfQqS8C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5MT0T_DaAaPX6gHj8ZGEBw&ved=0CDMQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3AfA1isLfQqS8C&f=false), 1834 H. C. O’Donnoghue, [_The Church of Rome: A View of the Peculiar Doctrines, Religious Worship…_](http://books.google.com/books?id=QZ9FAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=church+of+rome&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z630T_LuGqiD0QH_2dCHBw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=church%20of%20rome&f=false), 1830 Abner Kneeland, _Boston Investigator_, 1831-9 periodical William James Linton, [_Life of Paine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=0-9LAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=life+of+paine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CZb0T46PL6fW6wG2-dTqBg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=life%20of%20paine&f=false), 1839 Benjamin Offen, [_A Legacy to the Friends of Free Discussion_](http://books.google.com/books?id=gdcMAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=offens+legacy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Dnr0T92sArLg6wGGxeH9Bg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=offens%20legacy&f=false), 1846 Robert Owen, [_New Moral World_](http://archive.org/details/newmoralworld00religoog), 1836 Robert Dale Owen, Frances Wright, _The Free Enquirer_, 1826-9 periodical Robert Dale Owen, [_Moral Physiology; or, A Brief and Plain Treatise on the Population Question_](http://books.google.com/books?id=QX8YAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=moral+physiology&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D6X0T_rAJcfK6wGjueX2Bg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=moral%20physiology&f=false), 1831 Robert Dale Owen, Origen Bacheler, [_Discussion on the Existence of God_](http://books.google.com/books?id=hIQm1JttIL4C&pg=RA1-PA27&dq=bachelor++owen+discussion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=87X0T6ufL6aF6QGX98y4Bg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=bachelor%20%20owen%20discussion&f=false), 1832 Thomas Paine, [_The Age of Reason_](http://books.google.com/books?id=g3pbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=age+of+reason&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QaD0T8n5OsWD6AGIi6zzBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=age%20of%20reason&f=false), 1794 (Probably Richard Carlile), [_The Theological Works of Thomas Paine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=BvdOAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+paine+theological+works&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XMb0T4W3I6Xy0gHUz9GBBw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=thomas%20paine%20theological%20works&f=false), 1819 [_The Political Works of Thomas Paine_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ipMBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+paine+political+works&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n8b0T_TdGM7q0QGRst3oBg&ved=0CEgQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=thomas%20paine%20political%20works&f=false), 1826 William Paley, [_Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of The Deity, Collected from the Appearances of Nature_](http://books.google.com/books?id=4CMUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA465&dq=paley's+evidence&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kbX0T7W0Fobp6wG9zqn1Bg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=paley's%20evidence&f=false), 1802 William Paley, [_The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy_](http://books.google.com/books?id=-FMyAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=paley+philosophy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pqn0T9zAMujf0QGY9-H1Bg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=paley%20philosophy&f=false), 1817 David Pickering, [_Lectures in Defence of Divine Revelation_](http://books.google.com/books?id=17JdvpY-IesC&printsec=frontcover&dq=pickering+lectures&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sr30T8ykFojl0QGX0rjXBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=pickering%20lectures&f=false), 1831 John Jay Smith, [_Celebrated Trials of All Countries_](http://books.google.com/books?id=pj3FyXaS91YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=celebrated+trials&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RJX0T63uAaXB6AH9q6jOBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=celebrated%20trials&f=false), 1837 (includes William Cobbett and Richard Carlile) Alexis de Tocqueville, [_Democracy In America_](http://books.google.com/books?id=inSGAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:g4Vewby7RZkC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8b0T_CeMIfm0QGYwPHdBg&ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=editions%3Ag4Vewby7RZkC&f=false), 1835 Volney, [_The Ruins, or, Meditation on the Revolutions of Empires_](http://books.google.com/books?id=0YM-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Volney's+Ruins&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zW30T9kuwbbrAbDc1dUG&ved=0CDMQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Volney's%20Ruins&f=false), 1791 Voltaire, [_A Philosophical Dictionary_](http://books.google.com/books?id=HwpJAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=philosophical+dictionary&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XqT0T-TINuja0QHb--jbBg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=philosophical%20dictionary&f=false), 1796 Theodore Dwight Weld, [_American Slavery As It Is_](http://books.google.com/books?id=bSITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=slavery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Kp70T6fjJKnm0QGFwqmLBw&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=slavery&f=false), 1839, which some Ashfield peddlers carried on their rounds William White, [_Lectures on the Catechism of the Protestant Episcopal Church_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ymwQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=white+episcopal+church&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Rcf0T9LeEoHm0QG8_NCEBw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=white%20episcopal%20church&f=false), 1813 Mary Wollstonecraft, [_A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects_](http://books.google.com/books?id=hxwEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=rights+of+women+wollstonecraft&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nbn0T46eG-i26wHo8onZBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=rights%20of%20women%20wollstonecraft&f=false), 1792 Frances Wright, [_A Few Days in Athens_](http://books.google.com/books?id=HcABAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=few+days+in+athens&hl=en&sa=X&ei=La30T_T6NejG6wHrsazMBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=few%20days%20in%20athens&f=false), 1822 **General:** Addison & Steele, [_The Spectator_](http://books.google.com/books?id=sMc_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=spectator&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pXf0T5-wNMq96QGdu4TuBg&ved=0CGcQ6wEwBw#v=onepage&q=spectator&f=false),  periodical, 1810s-20s E. A. Andrews, [_C. Julius Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War_](http://books.google.com/books?id=cLoAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP4&dq=editions:FKGdux2F0BwC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HbP0T8KRPOjr6wHo2Iz_Bg&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=editions%3AFKGdux2F0BwC&f=false), 1844 John L. Blake, [_A General Biographical Dictionary_](http://books.google.com/books?id=jWo7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA159&dq=blakes+dictionary&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xTj0T_zWJMyJ6wHxhvXLBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=blakes%20dictionary&f=false), 1835 Thomas S. D. Bucknall, [_The Orchardist_](http://books.google.com/books?id=zmEmAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA113&dq=orchardist&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CaH0T_mfHISL7AGD1vj5Bg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=orchardist&f=false), 1797 Miguel de Cervantes, [_Don Quixote de la Mancha_](http://books.google.com/books?id=apQC-sTADYEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:u6nEE3886fYC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bcT0T7eHLoyv6gHlrKTsBg&ved=0CEMQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&q=editions%3Au6nEE3886fYC&f=false), (in 4 vols) 1818 _The Works of Cowper and Thomson_, 1832 Ross Cox, [_The Columbia River; or, Scenes and Adventures During a Residence of Six Years on the Western Side of the Rocky Mountains…_](http://books.google.com/books?id=yRUTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166&dq=cox+rocky+mountain&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Psj0T8zNPMPr0gHqtoHHBg&ved=0CEQQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1832 David Crockett, [_The Life of Martin Van Buren, Heir Apparent to the “Government,” and the Appointed Successor of General Andrew Jackson_](http://books.google.com/books?id=kAoFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=life+of+martin+van+buren&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lsv0T4PnIMXZ6wHo0pS8Bg&ved=0CDkQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=life%20of%20martin%20van%20buren&f=false), 1836 Timothy Flint, _Travels and Residence in Mississippi_, 1826 [_An Abridgment of Goldsmith’s History of England, from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Death of George II, and Continued to the close of the year 1828_](http://books.google.com/books?id=ET4bNi1WnHEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=goldsmith+england&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dLj0T6K_BMjH6wGP96nRBg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=goldsmith%20england&f=false), 1833 Edmund Hoyle, [_Games_](http://books.google.com/books?id=bz8VAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA113&dq=hoyle+games&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5cX0T-ugAufg0gHOs9H1Bg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=hoyle%20games&f=false), 1845 John Fellows, [_The Posthumous Works of Junius_](http://books.google.com/books?id=_RswAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=fellows+junius&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NI30T5OUA-iH6QHghYm9Bg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=fellows%20junius&f=false), 1829 Washington Irving, [_The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus_](http://books.google.com/books?id=suxOAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:kEVU948G19sC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jMH0T62jH-qn6wHwqr3UBg&ved=0CDIQ6wEwADgK#v=onepage&q=editions%3AkEVU948G19sC&f=false), 1831 _Knickerbocker, or New York Monthly Magazine_, 1840s, [for example](http://books.google.com/books?id=JxcAAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=knickerbocker&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m7z0T5KbB4KV6wHB06TIBg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=knickerbocker&f=false) [_The Library of Romance; A Collection of Traditions, Poetical Legends, and Short Standard Tales and Romances, Of All Nations_](http://books.google.com/books?id=VJNKAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=library+of+romance&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IrX0T7OQA-fW6wG35M3NBg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=library%20of%20romance&f=false), 1837 Lambert Lilly, [_The History of New England, Illustrated by Tales, Sketches, and Anecdotes_](http://archive.org/stream/historynewengla01lillgoog#page/n6/mode/2up), 1831 J. R. Major, [_Schrevelius’ Greek Lexicon_](http://books.google.com/books?id=U78sAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Schrevelius+lexicon&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HKr0T6DgBsan6AHFhq3nBg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Schrevelius%20lexicon&f=false), 1831 Thomas Moore, [_Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: With Notices of His Life_](http://books.google.com/books?id=VzUDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=moores+byron&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jpT0T5OwM6Wf6QHUldH1Bg&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=moores%20byron&f=false), 1830 [_Memoirs of Marshal Ney_](http://books.google.com/books?id=aRJAoZJz2jkC&pg=PA34&dq=life+of+marshal+ney&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_Kb0T6fwHKin6wHyzvH1Bg&ved=0CGkQ6wEwCQ#v=onepage&q=life%20of%20marshal%20ney&f=false), 1833 Alexander Pope, [_Poetical Works_](http://books.google.com/books?id=Gg1MAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR10&dq=pope's+works&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4s30T_T9EK-e6QGRkrm6Bg&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=pope's%20works&f=false), 1841 W.S.W. Ruschenberger, [_Three Years in the Pacific; Including Notices of Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru_](http://books.google.com/books?id=owlFAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Three+Years+in+Pacific&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x2v0T4SNOYbo6wHZyK32Bg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Three%20Years%20in%20Pacific&f=false), 1834 George Saintsbury, ed., [_The Works of Laurence Stern in Six Volumes_](http://books.google.com/books?id=fTN7OPTDjRoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:jlgoJnVW27wC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zcz0T5KiJeqz6wGJ4ajZBg&ved=0CFwQ6wEwBg#v=onepage&q=editions%3AjlgoJnVW27wC&f=false), 1814 James A. St. John, [_The Lives of Celebrated Travelers_](http://books.google.com/books?id=iKhJq7CYqVoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lives+of+travelers&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ysP0T43yDITw0gHAhOS8Bg&ved=0CDwQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=lives%20of%20travelers&f=false), 1832 Walter Scott, [_The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte_](http://archive.org/details/lifenapoleonbon03scotgoog), 1827 Walter Scott, [_The Waverley Anecdotes_](http://books.google.com/books?id=R_sGAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=waverly+anecdotes&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6bz0T4eHPKja6wH3sqz1Bg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1833 T. G. Smollett, [_The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, In which are included, Memoirs of a Lady of Quality_](http://books.google.com/books?id=hAsUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:HoJBqiYIoykC&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TML0T7iDO4Lq6wHZ8cSABw&ved=0CEYQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=editions%3AHoJBqiYIoykC&f=false), 1758 Joshua Sturges, [_Guide to the Game of Draughts_](http://archive.org/details/joshuasturgessgu00stur), 1800 Noah Webster, [_An American Dictionary of the English Language_](http://books.google.com/books?id=xGIPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR4&dq=noah+webster+dictionary+1828&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PDj0T_alJ4no6wHmuY3JBg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false), 1828