>[!quote] In a Nutshell >**Conceptual framework** used to describe how data is transmitted over a network. It is the foundation for most modern computer networks, including the internet. >In actual real world applications, the most widely used **practical implementation is the [[Internet Protocol Suite (TCP-IP)]]**. The OSI is more general and theoretical. --- | Feature | **OSI Model** | **[[Internet Protocol Suite (TCP-IP)\|TCP/IP Model]]** | | ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | **Layers** | 7 layers | 4 layers | | **Purpose** | Theoretical framework for protocol design | Practical implementation for network communication | | **Protocol Focus** | General framework, not protocol-specific | Based on TCP/IP protocols | | **Layer Naming** | Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical | Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access | | **Usage** | Conceptual model used in education and design | Widely used in real-world networking and the Internet | | **Flexibility** | Less flexible, more prescriptive | More flexible, designed for real-world use | | **Development** | Developed by ISO, after TCP/IP protocols | Developed by DARPA for TCP/IP networking | --- ##### Application Layer ##### Presentation Layer ##### Session Layer ##### Transport Layer ##### Network Layer ##### Data Link Layer ##### Physical Layer