#Azure #Security #KeyVault #Encryption #Identity
>[!info] Azure Key Vault Overview
>Azure Key Vault is a cloud service for securely storing and accessing secrets, encryption keys, and certificates. It provides centralized secret management with access control and logging capabilities.
>[!related]
>Related Azure services:
>- [[RBAC and ABAC]] - Access control implementation
>- [[App Registration]] - Application identity setup
>- [[Azure RMS]] - Rights Management Services
>- [[Full Encryption implementation]] - Enterprise encryption strategy
## Key Features
### 1. Secret Management
- Store API keys, passwords, connection strings
- Version control for secrets
- Automatic secret rotation
- Secure secret retrieval
### 2. Key Management
- Create and control encryption keys
- Import existing keys
- Store symmetric and asymmetric keys
- Hardware Security Module (HSM) backing
### 3. Certificate Management
- Store SSL/TLS certificates
- Automatic certificate renewal
- Integration with Azure certificate authorities
- Certificate lifecycle management
## Security Features
>[!warning] Access Control
>1. **Azure AD Integration**
> - Authentication via Azure AD identities
> - Support for managed identities
> - Multi-factor authentication
>
>2. **RBAC Policies**
> - Granular access control
> - Custom role definitions
> - Separation of duties
>[!tip] Best Practices
>1. **Network Security**
> - Use Private Endpoints
> - Implement network isolation
> - Enable Firewall rules
>
>2. **Monitoring**
> - Enable diagnostic logging
> - Set up alerts
> - Regular access reviews
## Implementation Guide
### 1. Create Key Vault
```powershell
# Install Azure PowerShell module if needed
Install-Module -Name Az -Scope CurrentUser -Repository PSGallery -Force
# Login to Azure
Connect-AzAccount
# Create Resource Group (if needed)
$resourceGroup = "YourResourceGroup"
$location = "eastus"
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroup -Location $location
# Create Key Vault
$vaultName = "YourKeyVaultName"
New-AzKeyVault -Name $vaultName `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup `
-Location $location `
-EnableRbacAuthorization `
-EnablePurgeProtection `
-SoftDeleteRetentionInDays 90
```
### 2. Configure Access Policies
```powershell
# Assign RBAC roles
$objectId = (Get-AzADUser -UserPrincipalName "
[email protected]").Id
# Key Vault Administrator
New-AzRoleAssignment -ObjectId $objectId `
-RoleDefinitionName "Key Vault Administrator" `
-Scope "/subscriptions/{SubID}/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/$vaultName"
# Key Vault Secrets Officer
New-AzRoleAssignment -ObjectId $objectId `
-RoleDefinitionName "Key Vault Secrets Officer" `
-Scope "/subscriptions/{SubID}/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/$vaultName"
```
### 3. Store and Retrieve Secrets
```powershell
# Store a secret
$secretvalue = ConvertTo-SecureString "YourSecretValue" -AsPlainText -Force
Set-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName $vaultName `
-Name "SecretName" `
-SecretValue $secretvalue
# Retrieve a secret
$secret = Get-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName $vaultName -Name "SecretName"
$secretValueText = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto(
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($secret.SecretValue)
)
```
### 4. Manage Certificates
```powershell
# Import a certificate
$certPath = "path/to/your/cert.pfx"
$certPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "YourCertPassword" -AsPlainText -Force
Import-AzKeyVaultCertificate -VaultName $vaultName `
-Name "CertName" `
-FilePath $certPath `
-Password $certPassword
# Get certificate
$cert = Get-AzKeyVaultCertificate -VaultName $vaultName -Name "CertName"
```
## Security Considerations
>[!danger] Critical Security Guidelines
>1. **Access Management**
> - Use managed identities when possible
> - Implement least-privilege access
> - Regular access reviews
>
>2. **Network Security**
> - Enable Azure Private Link
> - Restrict network access
> - Use service endpoints
>
>3. **Monitoring and Auditing**
> - Enable diagnostic logging
> - Configure alerts
> - Regular compliance reviews
>
>4. **Backup and Recovery**
> - Enable soft-delete
> - Configure purge protection
> - Regular backup validation
## Integration Examples
### 1. Azure Functions Integration
```powershell
# Add Key Vault reference to Function App
$functionAppName = "YourFunctionApp"
$keyVaultUri = (Get-AzKeyVault -Name $vaultName).VaultUri
Update-AzFunctionApp -Name $functionAppName `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup `
-IdentityType SystemAssigned
# Grant Function App access to Key Vault
$functionAppIdentity = (Get-AzFunctionApp -Name $functionAppName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup).Identity.PrincipalId
New-AzRoleAssignment -ObjectId $functionAppIdentity `
-RoleDefinitionName "Key Vault Secrets User" `
-Scope "/subscriptions/{SubID}/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/$vaultName"
```
### 2. App Service Integration
```powershell
# Enable managed identity for App Service
$webAppName = "YourWebApp"
Set-AzWebApp -Name $webAppName `
-ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup `
-AssignIdentity $true
# Grant App Service access to Key Vault
$webAppIdentity = (Get-AzWebApp -Name $webAppName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroup).Identity.PrincipalId
New-AzRoleAssignment -ObjectId $webAppIdentity `
-RoleDefinitionName "Key Vault Secrets User" `
-Scope "/subscriptions/{SubID}/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/$vaultName"
```
>[!tip] Best Practices for Integration
>1. Always use managed identities
>2. Implement proper error handling
>3. Cache secrets when appropriate
>4. Monitor secret access patterns
>5. Implement secret rotation
>6. Use appropriate secret scopes
## Troubleshooting
>[!example] Common Issues and Solutions
>1. **Access Denied**
> - Verify RBAC assignments
> - Check network restrictions
> - Validate managed identity
>
>2. **Certificate Issues**
> - Verify certificate format
> - Check expiration dates
> - Validate private key
>
>3. **Performance Issues**
> - Implement caching
> - Use bulk operations
> - Monitor throttling limits