# General - The word أنّ is a particle الحرف. - It is used to give emphasis. - It is one of the [[Particle Resembling a Verb - الأحرف المشبّهة بالفعل]] # Examples ### سرّني **أنّ** خالداً قادمٌ - In the above example the particle أنَّ is followed by a nominal sentence (الجملة الاسمية) i.e. خالدٌ قادمٌ. - The particle أنَّ changes the case of the subject “خالد“ from the nominative (المرفوع) to the accusative (المنصوب) i.e. خالدٌ becomes خالدًا. - The word خالد will no longer be known as the subject (المبتدأ). Instead it will be called the Noun of أنَّ or (اسم أنَّ). - The case of the predicate قادمٌ remains unchanged but is known as the خبر of أنَّ or (خبر أنَّ). - The particle أنَّ can be used in such a setting if the اسم and خبر can be fused together as a verbal noun i.e. خالد قادم “Khalid's coming” can be rewritten as قدومه “his coming”. If this cannot be done then the particle إنَّ is used. ### وسَرَّنِيْ **أَنَّمَا** هُوَ رَاجِعٌ ### { يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ **أَنَّمَا** إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ} [الكهف] - [TR] It pleased me that he is indeed returning. - [TR] “[it] has been revealed [to me] that your god is one God.” - If the particle أنّ is followed by the particle ما the case changing effect on the following subject (المبتدأ) is cancelled. That is why the subject (المبتدأ) in the clause after the particle أنَّمَاremains unchanged and in the nominative (المرفوع). To illustrate this: if the ما in the particle أنَّما was removed then the effect of the particle أنَّ would return and now we would have to put the noun هو in the accusative (المنصوب) i.e. وسَرَّنِيْ **أَنَّهُ** رَاجِعٌ and then it would be incorrect to say: وسَرَّنِيْ **أَنَّ** هُوَ رَاجِعٌ. - Note the particle أنَّ when followed by the particle مَا does not change in meaning. The particle ما is considered as being redundant (الزائدة). - Note the particle أنَّمَا should not be confused for إنَّما (with a kasrah on the initial letter). The particle إنَّما means “only”. It is starts with the particle إِنَّ (and not أَنَّ i.e. with a fatḥah). The ما in إنَّما is not redundant (الزائدة) but is known as ما الكَافَّة (the mā of restriction) and imparts a sense of limitation and emphasis. #### Other examples   - ### أشهد **أنّك** صادق **=** ==أشهد بأنك== صادقٌ ### أَعَجِبْتَ **أنْ** نجحَ زهيرٌ؟ **=** ==أَعَجِبْتَ من== أن نجح زهيرٌ؟ - [TR] I bear witness that you are truthful. - [TR] Are you surprised that Zuhayr succeeded? - In both examples above the use of the particle أنَّ and أَنْ allow the genitive particle (حرف الجر) that is commonly used with the preceding verb to be elided (dropped). - The highlight shows the use of the verb with its common genitive particle (حرف الجر). Both sentences are correct. ### أحزنني أنْ زهيرٌ مسافرٌ - [TR] It [indeed] saddened me that Zuhayr is traveling. - Here the lightened أن is followed by a nominal sentence (الجملة الاسمية) but as the أنَّ has been lightened to أنْ (ie without the shaddah) it no longer affects the case of the subject of a nominal sentence (المبتدأ). In the example the word زهيرٌ remains in the nominative (المرفوع) and does not become زُهَيْرًا. - The lightened particle أنْ is used to either introduce a following clause or impart a sense of emphasis. #### Other examples: - {وآخر دعواهم ==أنِ الحمدُ لله ربِّ العالمين==} - {وَنَادَوْا أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ ==أَنْ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ==} - In both these examples the particle أَنْ can either understood as introducing a clause (تفسيرية) (i.e. what was called out or said or as emphasis (التوكيد).[^1] ### **عَلِمْتُ** أنْ يسافرَ زُهَيْرٌ - [TR] “**I knew** that Zuhayr would travel.” - The lightened particle أَنْ here is preceded by the verb عَلِمْتُ which indicates a firm assumption. If the lightened **"أنْ"** is preceded by a verb, it must be a verb that indicates a sense of expectation: either certain or assumed, such as: عَلِمَ (knew), أَيْقَنَ (was certain), حَسِبَ (thought), ظنّ (assumed) etc. ### أحزنني **أنْ** سيسافرُ زُهَيْرٌ - [TR] “it saddened me that Zuhayr would travel.” - If the lightened form is followed by verbal sentence (الجملة الفعلية) but separated from the verb by a particle such as: "سَ" (the prefix for future), "سوف" (will), "قد" (indeed/may), "لن" (will not), "لو" (if), and "لم" (did not) then the case modifying effect of the أَنْ is no longer present. Note the case ending of the verb يسافر in the following two examples: أحزنني **أنْ** سَيُسَافِرُ versus أحزنني **أنْ** يُسَافِرَ #### Other examples - {علِمَ **أنْ** ==سيكونُ== منكم مرضى} (المزّمّل 73/20) # Footnotes [^1]: : ‌أن: ‌المخففة؛ ‌تفيد التوكيد، أو قيل: تفسيرية.». [تفسير القرآن الثري الجامع 8/ 101 بترقيم الشاملة آليا]