It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by [Lee Harvey Oswald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald "Lee Harvey Oswald") and that Oswald acted entirely alone It also concluded that [Jack Ruby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Ruby "Jack Ruby") acted alone when he killed Oswald two days late The Commission's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies. ![[Pasted image 20260115215702.jpg]] The new president, [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson "Lyndon B. Johnson"), himself from Texas, the state where the two assassinations had taken place, found himself faced with the risk of a weakening of his presidency. Confronted with the results obtained by the Texas authorities, themselves seriously discredited and criticized, he decided after various consultations, including in particular that with FBI director [J. Edgar Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover "J. Edgar Hoover"), to create a presidential commission of inquiry by Executive Order 11130 of November 29, 1963. This act made it possible both to avoid an independent investigation led by Congress and to avoid entrusting the case to the Attorney General, [Robert F. Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy "Robert F. Kennedy"), deeply affected by the assassination, whose federal jurisdiction would have been applied in the event of withdrawal of the share of the [State of Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas "Texas") for the benefit of the federal authorities in Washington On November 25 he sent a memo to Johnson's [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") aide [Bill Moyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers "Bill Moyers") recommending the formation of a [Presidential Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Commission_\(United_States\) "Presidential Commission (United States)") to investigate the assassination