<small>[[Chemistry]] | [[19th Century]]</small> | | | |---|---| |Atomic Mass|[24.305 u](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Atomic-Weight)| |Standard State|[solid](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Physical-Description)| |Electron Configuration|[[Ne]3s2](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Electron-Configuration)| |Oxidation States|[+2](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Oxidation-States)| |Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)|[1.31](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Electronegativity)| |Atomic Radius (van der Waals)|[173 pm](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Atomic-Radius)| |Ionization Energy|[7.646 eV](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Ionization-Energy)| |Melting Point|[923 K](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Melting-Point)| |Boiling Point|[1363 K](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Boiling-Point)| |Density|[1.74 g/cm³](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=Density)| |Year Discovered|[1808](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/12#section=History)|