![[Formales]] ![[comic_books__otr_058.png]] [Comic Books Are Still Made By Men, For Men And About Men](http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/women-in-comic-books/). <br> Author: *Walt Hickey* in FiveThirtyEight > [!multi-column] > >> [!BLANK] >> [Marvel Wikia](http://marvel.wikia.com/Main_Page) <br> Data for Marvel > >> [!BLANK] >> [DC Wikia](http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page). <br> Data for DC `Characters were scraped on August 24, 2014. Appearance counts were scraped on September 2, 2014. The month and year of the first issue each character appeared in was pulled on October 6, 2014.` > [!TLDR] Lack of Females in Comic Books > - The comic book industry has long been male-dominated, both in its creators and its characters. Major publishers, like DC Comics and Marvel, have historically underrepresented women. Recent endeavors, such as introducing a female Thor or modernizing Batgirl's costume, aim to correct this imbalance. However, these steps do not overshadow that females constitute only about a quarter of all comic book characters. > - The lack of female presence also extends behind the scenes. For instance, in a particular month, male comic creators at both DC and Marvel outnumbered their female counterparts by a nine-to-one ratio. The industry's inclination toward male characters and writers could be linked to the historical assumption that the primary audience for comics is young, white males. > - Interestingly, despite the absence of data on comic book purchasers, attendance at comic conventions indicates a nearly equal gender split. This may suggest that the industry's audience is more diverse than historically assumed. Digital sales of comics, serving as a modern-day newsstand, are soaring, allowing titles like "Ms. Marvel," featuring a Muslim Pakistani-American girl, to thrive unexpectedly. > - Data from fan-maintained sites show that of the characters from both DC and Marvel, females made up only 29.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Even among the most frequently appearing characters, only about 30% are female. Furthermore, female characters are often portrayed as more passive or neutral than their male counterparts, hinting at a shortage of female antagonists. > - There has also been an increasing effort to introduce more LGBTQ+ characters into comics, although the numbers remain minute. Encouragingly, the industry and its community seem to be gradually acknowledging and addressing their long-standing gender biases, in part due to the activism and voice of fans. The vision for the future is to see female-led comic titles among the bestsellers. # Variables The data is split into two files, for DC and Marvel, respectively: dc-wikia-data.csv and marvel-wikia-data.csv. Each file has the following variables: |Variable|Definition| |---|---------| |`page_id`|The unique identifier for that characters page within the wikia| |`name`|The name of the character| |`urlslug`|The unique url within the wikia that takes you to the character| |`ID`|The identity status of the character (Secret Identity, Public identity, [on marvel only: No Dual Identity])| |`ALIGN`|If the character is Good, Bad or Neutral| |`EYE`|Eye color of the character| |`HAIR`|Hair color of the character| |`SEX`|Sex of the character (e.g. Male, Female, etc.)| |`GSM`|If the character is a gender or sexual minority (e.g. Homosexual characters, bisexual characters)| |`ALIVE`|If the character is alive or deceased| |`APPEARANCES`|The number of appareances of the character in comic books (as of Sep. 2, 2014. Number will become increasingly out of date as time goes on.)| |`FIRST APPEARANCE`|The month and year of the character's first appearance in a comic book, if available| |`YEAR`|The year of the character's first appearance in a comic book, if available| # Data [[Comic_Books_Data_Eng_Head20.csv]] [[Comic_Books_Data_Eng.csv]] [[Comic_Books_Data_Ger.csv]] [[Comic_Books_Data.xlsx]] # Excercises [[Alcohol_Consumption_Pandas]] [[Alcohol_Consumption_Matplotlib]]