%%[[Learning and Memory]]: "**long-term memory (LTM)** Memory for experiences that occurred much earlier, or, alternatively, the memory system in which these enduring memories are believed to be stored. (Atkinson and Shiffrin referred to this storage system as the long-term store.) There is no agreement about precisely how much time must elapse before a memory is considered to be long-term, but it is often thought to be about 20 to 30 seconds."%% Information stored in long-term memory is persistent and can last for a lifetime. However, all memories are reworked over time, and most fall victim to disruption and interference.^[National Academies, 2018] Long-term memory capacity is vast and virtually unlimited – although, given that it is encoded in the finite physical brain, it has to have some limit.^[Bloom, 2023] Interestingly, the bottleneck with long-term memory isn’t storage capacity, but getting information into or out of memory via working memory. As a consequence, [[Learning benefits from the strategic use of limited working memory capacity]]. There are two main **types** of long-term memory and **pathways** to store information in long-term memory: - [[Explicit memory requires conscious awareness for learning and retrieval|Explicit memory]] & [[Explicit learning is characterized by more conscious and intentional operations|explicit learning]] - [[Implicit memory doesn't require conscious awareness for learning and retrieval, although it can be present|Implicit learning]] & [[Implicit learning is characterized by more unconscious and unintentional operations|implicit learning]] In contrast, [[Short-term memory stores a small amount of information for a short period of time]]. --- Created: [[2023-04-30]] Type: #permanent Topics: [[Learning (Index)]] Related notes: - [[Memory is the capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information]]