In philosophical terms, 'hypokeimenon' refers to the underlying substance or essence of something, what is often called the "underlying thing." Within the context of [[hylomorphism]], as noted in your Obsidian notes, it would relate to the idea of matter (hyle) as the substratum or potentiality that underlies a substance, which is given form (morphe) to constitute a complete substance. Hylomorphism posits that both matter and form are inseparable and together constitute the essence of a substance. In relation to [[haecceity]], which refers to the discrete qualities or the "thisness" that makes something uniquely itself, hypokeimenon can be seen as the foundational aspect upon which these unique qualities (haecceity) are built. While hylomorphism provides a broader framework for understanding the constitution of entities through matter and form, haecceity delves deeper into what distinguishes one entity from another on an individual level. Thus, hypokeimenon can be understood as the basis that, when combined with form and enriched by haecceity, creates the distinct identity of a substance. #### Sources: - [hylomorphism](obsidian://open?vault=Obsidian%20Atomic%20Napkins&file=hylomorphism) - [Letter 'C'](obsidian://open?vault=Obsidian%20Atomic%20Napkins&file=Letter%20'C') - [Morals and Dogma](obsidian://open?vault=Obsidian%20Atomic%20Napkins&file=Morals%20and%20Dogma)