# *Streptococcus* --- **Streptococcus** is a [[Gram positive bacteria]]. There are many species of *streptococcus*, and some are part of our [[normal microbiota]] and some are [[pathogen|pathogenic]]. ## Strep Groups - **Group A streptococcus** or **GAS**: This is the **most virulent** group of streptococci and is responsible for a wide range of infections, including **strep throat**, scarlet fever (and thus [[rheumatic fever]], impetigo, and even necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease). - **Antistreptolysin O** (**ASO**) **titer** is a blood test to measure antibodies against **streptolysin O**, a substance produced by GAS. - **Group B streptococcus (GBS)**: This group of streptococci is commonly found in the vagina and rectum of healthy women and can cause serious infections in newborns. GBS can also cause infections in adults, such as pneumonia and meningitis. - **Group C streptococcus (GCS)**: This group of streptococci is less common than GAS and GBS and is usually responsible for mild infections, such as sore throat and skin infections. However, GCS can also cause serious infections, such as pneumonia and meningitis. - **Group G streptococcus (GGS)**: This group of streptococci is least common and is usually responsible for mild skin infections. ## β-hemolytic Streptococci **β-hemolytic streptococci** are a group of bacteria that produce a toxin that breaks down red blood cells. It doesn't necessarily follow the group a/b/c/g breakdowns. ## Impetigo **Impetigo** is an infection of the [[skin]] by β-hemolytic streptococci, or staphylococci. It's common on the face, especially around the mouth and can be very [[pruritus|itchy]]. It's also highly contagious and common in children, so it spreads like wildfire. - treatment - warm compresses (follow with soap and water) - antibiotics (topical and systemic) - stop the spread - meticulous hygiene required especially hand hygiene - isolation of the infected person ___