# GERD --- **GERD** stands for **gastroesophageal reflux disease** is a [[gastrointestinal tract|GI condition]] where the lower [[stomach|lower esophageal sphincter]] doesn't close properly, and allows a backflow of stomach contents--such as as [[stomach acid]]--and can cause erosion and damage to the [[esophagus]]. can lead to [[Barrett's esophagus]] ## Signs & Symptoms Pyrosis Dyspepsia Regurgitation Dysphagia Odynophagia - painful swallowing Hypersalivation Cough can be very self conscious *Can mimic MI symptoms possible sequalae Dental erosion Ulcers of throat and esophagus Damage to larynx (speaking) Esophageal strictures Adenocarcinoma (BE) Pulmonary complications ## Diagnostic Testing [[endoscopy|EGD]] [[barium swallow]] esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring test ## Management Medications GI [[prokinetics]]- metoclopramide (Reglan) [[proton pump inhibitors]] [[antacids]] [[histamine receptor antagonists]] Nursing management- Patient Education Low fat diet Avoid caffeine, beer, milk, peppermint, carbonated beverages No smoking Avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bed, HOB up 30 degrees Surgery also for hiatal hernias a Nissen Fundoplication Surgery wraping the fundus of the stomach around the esophagus helps prevent that flow ___