# Key Takeaways - Typically autopilot can fly either lateral (single axis) or lateral+vertical (dual axis) - Valuable tool for workload reduction - Safe usage requires an understanding of risks associated with automation # Details 1. Types of Autopilot 1. Dual Axis vs. Single Axis 2. Flight Directors 3. Benefits of Autopilot 1. Workload reduction 2. Fatigue management 3. Task Management 4. [[POH]] and [[AFM]] supplements pertaining to autopilot 1. Preflight check of autopilot 1. > [!note] Some autopilots include specific preflight steps, while others are surprisingly sparse 2. Generally good to check basic functionality and the ability to disconnect 3. Example GFC 500 [Autopilot Preflight Test](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMRVKs64Rtw) by [Holladay Aviation](https://www.youtube.com/@HolladayAviation) 2. Autopilot usage, modes, GPS integration, altitude functions 3. Ways to disengage 4. Limitations from POH 5. [[VVM]]: Verbalize, Verify, Monitor 6. Autopilot Function Demonstrations (Sim or Plane) 1. Pitch and Roll 2. HDG 3. VS, FLC, ALT, VNV 4. NAV 5. APP, BC ## Autopilot Risks 1. Complacency 2. Unusual Attitude/Upset 3. Loss of Situational Awareness/Behind the Plane 4. Autopilot Surprise^[A term from [[Jeppesen Instrument-Commercial]] for when the autopilot does something unexpected. Related to [[Children of the Magenta Line]].] ***Demonstration of risks, completed in a simulator*** 1. Stall 1. Bug High Altitude, Set VS+100, Throttle Idle, Engage Autopilot 2. Runaway Trim 1. Set runaway trip trim in failures on simulator 3. [[CFIT]] ## Case Studies - [[Children of the Magenta Line]] - [American 965 Crash](https://www.faa.gov/lessons_learned/transport_airplane/accidents/N651AA) # Additional Resources - Autopilot Manuals - [KAP 140 Manual](https://www.bendixking.com/content/dam/bendixking/en/documents/document-lists/downloads-and-manuals/006-18034-0000-KAP-140-Pilots-Guide.pdf) - [GFC 500 Manual Links](https://support.garmin.com/en-US/?partNumber=GFC-500AP-00&tab=manuals) - [G1000 Manual](https://static.garmin.com/pumac/190-00498-08_0A_Web.pdf) - [2015 International Air Transport Association (IATA) FMS Data Entry Error Prevention Best Practices](https://www.iata.org/contentassets/b6eb2adc248c484192101edd1ed36015/fms-data-entry-error-prevention-ed-1-2015.pdf) - [Staying ahead of the airplane - automation tips from a human factors expert](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOQcdXE6MPo) from [[AOPA]] #concept