https://youtu.be/--Hu2w0s72Y The crucial mistake students make is to assume learning is the same as studying. Studying is meant to help us learn. We is the cognitive process of retaining and applying something. His main argument is that active recall and spaced repetition apps like Anki have diminishing returns. You are constantly fighting the forgetting curve. But in order to do so you have to be studying massive amounts every day. He's not saying active recall and spaced repetition are useless. Some people simply rely on them too hard. Instead we should focus on improving our natural encoding abilities.