up:: [[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)]] # CRYSTALS-KYBER CRYSTALS-Kyber is a family of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms founded on the hardness of the Ring Learning With Errors (Ring-LWE) problem. It is known for being part of CRYSTALS (Cryptographic Suite for Algebraic Lattices) and has been one of the promising candidates in the NIST [[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)]] standardization project. ## Key Concepts - **[[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)]]**: Refers to cryptographic algorithms (usually [[public key]] algorithms) designed to be secure against an attack by a [[Quantum Computing|quantum computer]]. - **Ring-LWE**: The Ring Learning With Errors problem is a variation of the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem, tailored for polynomial rings. Its assumed hardness is the basis for the security of CRYSTALS-Kyber. ## Features 1. **Efficiency**: CRYSTALS-Kyber is designed to be efficient in both software and hardware implementations. 2. **Versatility**: It can be used for key encapsulation and public-key encryption. 3. **Security**: Intended to offer security against both classical and [[Quantum Computing|quantum computer]] threats. ## Real-world Importance - **NIST [[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)|PQC]] Standardization**: CRYSTALS-Kyber was a participant in the NIST [[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)]] standardization project, highlighting its relevance and importance in the shift to post-quantum security. ## Implementation - **Modularity**: CRYSTALS-Kyber's design allows for modular customization, meaning its parameters can be adjusted to achieve varying security levels. - **Noise Distribution**: The system utilizes a specific noise distribution, which plays a vital role in its security properties. ## Challenges 1. **Post-Quantum Transition**: As with all post-[[Quantum Algorithm|quantum algorithms]], a significant challenge lies in transitioning systems and ensuring compatibility. 2. **Ongoing Evaluation**: The security of post-quantum schemes like CRYSTALS-Kyber requires ongoing evaluation as new research emerges. ## Related Concepts - **[[CRYSTALS-Dilithium]]**: Another [[algorithm]] in the CRYSTALS suite, primarily used for [[Digital Signature|digital signatures]]. - **[[Lattice-Based Cryptography]]**: A type of [[Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)]] wherein the mathematical problems are derived from lattice problems. CRYSTALS-Kyber falls into this category. - [[Cryptography]]