--- ## Definition - Chemical nomenclature is the way in which chemicals are named based off a pre determined and generally consistent system. --- ## Common chemicals >[! Names of common non-ionic chemicals] >![[Common Chems.png | 850]] >[! Names of polyatomic ions] > > >![[Chemical nomenclature 4.png|800]] --- ## Names of acids > [! Acid names] > ![[Chemical nomenclature 5.png]] --- ## Naming [ions](Ion.md) - When two [ions](Ion.md) form an [Ionic Bond](Ion.md) one atom gives electrons to the other atom. Since ionic bonds must add up to have equal charge the number of the positively charged ion is used to distinguish ambiguous terminology ***(ex: Fe and 2Cl- = iron(II) chloride)***. - **In other words it is the positive charge of the metal.** - **Ionic Hydrates** are are ionic compounds that contain water molecules within their structure. To name these simply add -hydrate with the associated prefix to the end of the name ***(ex: iron(II) chloride dihydrate)***. - **The cation is always named first and the anion second!**. >[! Ion names] >![[Chemical nomenclature 3.png]] --- ## Prefixes >[! 1 to 10 Prefixes] >![[Chemical Nomenclature Prefix.png | 850]] --- ## Naming covalently bonded molecules - For binary molecules which contain only two elements the **prefixes are used before** the elements name and the terms are combined***(ex: N20 = dinitrogen oxide)***. - #### Exceptions: - These are also used in combination with other elements bonded to these "groups". - ![[common molocules names.png]] --- ## Formulas - All molecular formulas are written *without* spaces and contain each element within a given molecule or compound followed by a subscript number which denotes the amount of that element. ##### Empirical formula: - An empirical formula represents the simplest or most reduced ratio of elements within a compound. ##### Molecular formula: - Molecular formula unlike empirical formula lists the **exact** number of each element within a given compound. --- #mainpage